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ENT > Nose > Flashcards

Nose Flashcards

1
Q

Why danger triangle dangerous

A

Free venous communication between cavernous sinus

Cav sinus thrombosis, ptosis, chemosis, cn palsies

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2
Q

Nasal tip sebaceous gland hypertrophy

A

Rhinophyma

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3
Q

Features of BCC

A 
Small pearly nodule
Telangactasia
Rolled edges
Locally destructive
Rare mets
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4
Q

Features of SCC

A

Red crusted ulcer
Scaly
Mets more common

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5
Q

Most common cause of common cold

A

Rhinovirus

Human coronavirus, flu, adenovirus, HSV

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6
Q

Rare complication of common cold

A

Chest infection

Rhinosinusitis

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7
Q

Orgs causing sinusitis

A

Pneumococcus

Haemophilus influenza

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8
Q

Rx for acute sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin

Nasal decongest ion, analgesia

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9
Q

Clinical feature of sinusitis

A

Cold like symptoms
Facial pain
Pyrexia

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10
Q

Complications of sinusitis

A

Orbital - cellulitis, abscess, cav sinus thrombosis

CNS - meningitis, extra and sub dural brain abscess

Septicaemia

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11
Q

Rx for allergic rhinitis

A 
Avoid allergens
Saline douche
Intranasal steroid 
Antihistamines
(Oral steroid , surgery)
Other - sodium chromglycate, ipratroprium bromide, desensitization
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12
Q

Causes of non allergic rhinitis

A 
Infection
Rhinitis medicamentosa
Vasomotor
Atrophic rhinitis 
Gustatory
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13
Q

Rx of deviated nasal septum

A

Septoplasty

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14
Q

What is the triad in chronic Rhinosinusitis

A

Samter’s triad
Asthma
NSAID allergy
Polyps

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15
Q

Rx for chronic Rhinosinusitis

A

Short term systemic steroids
Long term topical steroids
Long term low dose macrolide (clarithromicin)
Surgery - FESS

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16
Q

Features of nasal tumours

A

Unilateral
Epistaxis
Nasal widening
Eye and CNS signs

17
Q

Malignant nasal neoplasms

A

Olfactory neiroblastoma
Adenocarcinoma
Melanoma
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma

18
Q

Benign nasal tumours

A

Inverted papilloma

Angiofibroma

19
Q

Causes of nasal obstruction

A 
Allergic rhinitis 
Non allergic rhinitis
Deviated nasal septum
Nasal polys/ chronic Rhinosinusitis 
Tumours
20
Q

Rx for enlarged adenoids

A

Topical/oral steroid
Nasal decongestant
Surgery

21
Q

What must exclude when suspecting adenoid hypertrophy

A

Choanal atresia

Foreign body

22
Q

What increases suspicion of post nasal space tumour

A

Recent onset nasal obstruction
Nasal discharge
Middle ear effusion
‘‘Lump’’ in the neck

23
Q

Rx for septal abscess

A

Urgent referral for I and D
Packing to reapproximate mucoperichondrium
IV abx

ENT (4 decks)

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