nose and paranasal sinuses

Question 1

upper 1/3rd of nose has what mucosa

Answer 1

olfactory mucosa

Question 2

olfactory mucosa has special receptors called

Answer 2

olfactory cells

Question 3

the external nose framework is made up of

Answer 3

partly bone and partly cartilaginous

Question 4

bones involved in making of external nose

Answer 4

nasal bone, frontal process of maxilla

Question 5

cartilages involved in making of external nose

Answer 5

inferior and superior nasal cartilages

septal cartilage and alar cartilages

Question 6

skin over the external nose is supplied by

Answer 6

external nasal, infratrochlear, infraorbital nerve

Question 7

the roof of nasal cavity is made up of

Answer 7

1. the middle horizontal part is made up of cribriform plate of ethmoid
2. anterior slope is made up of nasal part of frontal bone, nasal bone and nasal cartilages
3. posterior slope is made up of inferior surface of the body of sphenoid

Question 8

the floor of the nasal cavity is made up of

Answer 8

palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Question 9

which sinus is common for infections

Answer 9

maxillary sinus

Question 10

csf rhinorrhea

Answer 10

fracture of cribriform plate cause rupture of meninges and may cause rupture of olfactory nerve rootlets and leakage of csf into nasal cavity

Question 11

what is nasal septum and what membreane does it have?

Answer 11

osteocartilaginous partition which makes the median wall of one nasal cavity and it has mucous membrane

Question 12

bones and cartilages involved in making of nasal septum

Answer 12

BONES:

1. vomer
2. perpendicular plate of ethmoid and margins from nasal spine of frontal bone, rostrum of sphenoid, nasal crest of nasal bone and palatine and maxillary bones

Question 13

arterial supply of nasal septum:

anteriorsuperior part

Answer 13

anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery

Question 14

arterial supply of nasal septum:

anteroinferior part

Answer 14

labial branch of facial artery

Question 15

arterial supply of nasal septum:

posteriorsuperior part

Answer 15

sphenopalatine artery (main artery)

Question 16

arterial supply of nasal septum:

posteriorinferior part

Answer 16

greater palatine artery

Question 17

kiesselbach’s plexus

Answer 17

at the anterior inferior part the septum has anastomoses b/w labial branch of facial artery, greater palatine, sphenopalatine to form a plexus called as kiesselbach’s plexus which is prone to epistaxis

Question 18

venous drainage of septum

Answer 18

venous drainage is from littles area
anteriorly into facial vein
posteriorly into sphenopalatine vein to pterygoid venous plexus

Question 19

general nerve supply of septum is done by

Answer 19

arsises from trigeminal nerve

Question 20

nerve supply of nasal septum anteriorsuperior

Answer 20

internasal anterior ethmoidal nerve

Question 21

nerve supply of nasal septum

anteriorinferior

Answer 21

anterior superior alveolar nerve

Question 22

nerve supply of nasal septum

posteriorsuperior

Answer 22

medial posterior superior nasal branch of pterygo palatine ganglion

Question 23

nerve supply of nasal septum

posterior inferior

Answer 23

naso palatine branch of pterygopalatine ganglion (main nerve)

Question 24

lymphatic drainage of nasal septum

Answer 24

anterior half submandibular nodes

posterior half retropharyngeal and deep cervical nodes

Question 25

conchae and function

Answer 25

shelf like bony projections on the lateral wall of nose | increases surface area for air conditioning

Question 26

lateral wall separates the nose:

Answer 26

orbit above with ethmoidal air sinus maxillary sinus below nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal duct in front

Question 27

3 parts the lateral wall is divides into

Answer 27

anterior soft part called vestibule and has vibrissae middle part called atrium of the middle meatus posterior part called as the conchae

Question 28

bony part of lateral wall

Answer 28

nasal frontal process of maxilla lacrimal labyrinth of ethmoid with superior and middle nasal conchae inferior nasal conchae made by spongy bones perpendicular plate of palatine bone with its orbital and sphenoidal process medial pterygoid plate

Question 29

3 nasal conchae

Answer 29

inferior nasal conchae is an independent bone | superior and middle nasal conchae are projection from the medial part of the labyrinth of ethmoid

Question 30

what are meatuses

Answer 30

passages below the conchae that communicate with the nasal proper

Question 31

inferior meatus

Answer 31

its the largest of the meatus has nasolacrimal duct opening at its junction at anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rds and is guarded by a lacrimal fold called as hasners valve

Question 32

middle meatus

Answer 32

1. ethmoidal bulla: which is rounded elevation of the underlying ethmoidal sinus at the upper margin of bulla 2. hiatus semilunaris is a semicurcilar sulcus bellow the bulla 3. infundibulum: passageway at the anterior part of hiatus semilunaris 4. frontal air sinus open as the anterior part of hiatus 5. anterior ethmoidal air sinus opens behind the frontal air sinus 6. maxillary air sinus open posterior part of the hiatus

Question 33

superior meatus

Answer 33

small | annd has the opening of posterior ethmoidal sinus

Question 34

sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 34

triangular fossa above superior conchae that has the opening to sphenoidal air sinus

Question 35

venous drainage of conchae and meatus

Answer 35

anteriorly to facial vein posteriorly to pharyngeal plexus of vein and pterygoid venous plexus

Question 36

nerve supply of conchae and meatus

Answer 36

anteriorsuperior: anterior ethmoidal nerve branch of ophthalmic nerve anteriorinferior: anterior superior alveolar nerve branch of IO nerve continuation of maxillary nerve posteriorsuperior: lateral posterior superior nasal branch from pterygopalatine ganglion posteriorinferior: anterior palatine branch for pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 37

allergic rhinitis

Answer 37

hypertrophy of mucosa over the inferior nasal conchae causes allergic rhinitis (sneezing, discharge of fluid)

Question 38

frontal air sinus location

Answer 38

in the frontal bone deep into the supraciliary arch and extends upwards to median end of eyebrow and backwards to median end of the root of the orbit

Question 39

frontonasal sinus opens

Answer 39

in the middle meatus | - at the anterior end of the hiatus semilunaris through the infundibulum or the frontonasal duct

Question 40

sinuses developmental age

Answer 40

7-8 years | fully at puberty

Question 41

arterial venous lymphatic nerve supply of frontal air sinus

Answer 41

aterial: supraorbital venous: supraorbital and superior opthalmic veins lymphaic: submandibular nerve: supraorbital nerves

Question 42

location of maxillary sinus and shape and base and apex location

Answer 42

in the maxillary bone | pyramidal shape with its base at the lateral wall of nose and apex at the zygomatic process of maxilla

Question 43

opening

Answer 43

middle meatus at the lower end of hiatus semilunaris | the opening is usually at the roof

Question 44

the roof and floor of maxillary sinus is made by what bones

Answer 44

roof is made by the floor of the orbit (IO nerve) | and floor is made by the alveolar process of maxilla

Question 45

which sinus is first to develop

Answer 45

maxillary sinus

Question 46

arterial venous lymphatic nerve supply of maxillary air sinus

Answer 46

arterial; facial, IO and greater palatine venous: facial and pterygoid venous plexus lymphatic: submandibular nerve supply: posterior superior alveolar branches of maxillary nerve middle and anterior superior alveolar branches of infraorbital nerve

Question 47

location and opening of sphenoidal air sinus

Answer 47

sphenoid bone | opens into sphenopalatine recess

Question 48

arterial venous lymphatic nerve supply of sphenoidal air sinus

Answer 48

arterial: posterior ethmoidal and internal carotid venous: PTERYGOID venous plexus and cavernous sinus lymphatic: retropharyngeal nerve supply: posterior ethmoidal and orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 49

anterior ethmoidal sinus location and supply and lymph

Answer 49

1-11 air cells opens at the anterior end of hiatus semilunaris anterior ethmoidal nerve and arteries and submandibular nodes

Question 50

middle ethmoidal sinus locationa nd supply and lymph

Answer 50

in the middle meatus anterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels and orbital branch of pterygopalatine ganglion submandibular nodes

Question 51

posterior ethmoidal sinus location supply lymph

Answer 51

at the superior meatus posterior ethmoidal nerves and vessels orbital branch of pterygopalatine ganglion retrophyrngeal nodes