Notes 1

Question 1

Purines

Answer 1

Two fused rings

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Has a T

2’ carbon only has H

Question 3

Bases named as nucleosides

Answer 3

Adenosine
Guanosine
Cytidine
Thymidine
Uridine

Question 4

Bases named as Nucleotides

Answer 4

Adenylic acid
Guanylic acid
Cytidylic acid
Thymidylic acid
Uridylic acid

Question 5

Types of bond between bases in a double helix

Answer 5

Noncovalent (H-bond)

Question 6

Melting temp of DNA

Answer 6

75 Degrees

Question 7

What causes spaces betwen the bases where we could insert something?

Answer 7

Hydrophobic interaction

Question 8

Interchalation

Answer 8

Ethidium bromide can slip into DNA molecule between bases.

Question 9

Major groove of DNA

Answer 9

22 Angstroms

Question 10

Minor grove of DNA

Answer 10

12 Angstroms

Question 11

What defines the region of a gene

Answer 11

Length of RNA

Question 12

What defines the coding region?

Answer 12

Protein

Question 13

Explain the process of splicing

Answer 13

Pre-mRNA contains an intron. The intron is cut out. It travels through a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm to be translated by a ribosome.

Question 14

Trans acting

Answer 14

Can act on any copy of the gene in the cell

Question 15

Cis acting

Answer 15

sequences act on same sequence/chromsome.

Question 16

What are trans acting?

Answer 16

Proteins

Question 17

What are cis acting?

Answer 17

sites on DNA

Question 18

Nucleases

Answer 18

hydrolyze an ester bond within a phophodiester bond

Question 19

Phosphatases

Answer 19

Hydrolyze the ester bond in a phosphomonester bond

Question 20

Restriction endonucleases

Answer 20

Recognize specific short sequences of DNA and cleave duplex near or in the recognition site.

Question 21

Where does Eco RI cut?

Answer 21

between the G and the A

Question 22

Palindrome

Answer 22

spelled the same backwards and forward

Question 23

Endonuclease

Answer 23

nucleases that cleave phosphoester bonds within a nucleic acid chain. Cuts INSIDE strand.

Question 24

Exonuclease

Answer 24

cleave phosphoester bonds one at a time from the end of a chain.
Migrate in and cut from OUTSIDE

Question 25

Vector

Answer 25

Required for cloning to move DNA

Question 26

Recombinant DNA

Answer 26

a DNA molecule that has been created by joining together two or more molecules from different sources

Question 27

Subclone

Answer 27

process of breaking a cloned fragment into smaller fragments for further cloning

Question 28

MCS (multiple cloning site)

Answer 28

Region of DNA in a vector with lots of places to insert foreign DNA (multiple restriction endonuclease sites)

Question 29

Selectable markers in cloning

Answer 29

LacZ Ampr Ori

Question 30

Amp r

Answer 30

Ampicillin resistance

Question 31

Ori

Answer 31

Origin of rep in cell residing in

Question 32

lacZ

Answer 32

betagalactactasidase | Colonies turn blue with the right substrate

Question 33

Transformation

Answer 33

the acquisition of new genetic material by incorporation of added exogenous, nonviral DNA

Question 34

Substances that contribute to blue color of plate

Answer 34

IPTG and X gal

Question 35

Bacterial artifical chromosome (BAC)

Answer 35

300 kB | F plasmid

Question 36

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)

Answer 36

3000 kB | origin, centromere, telomere

Question 37

Can be propagated in more than one type of host cell

Answer 37

Shuttle vector

Question 38

Expression vector

Answer 38

contain promoters that allow transcription of any cloned gene

Question 39

Reporter genes

Answer 39

Used to measure promoter activity or tissue specific expression Good way to report on functionality

Question 40

4 methods to introduce DNA into target cell

Answer 40

1. Viral vector by infection 2. Liposomes that fuse with the membrane 3. Microinjection introduces DNA directly into the cytoplasm or nucleus 4. Nanospheres can be shot into the cell by a gene gun

Question 41

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 41

separates DNA fragments by size, using an electric current to cause the DNA to migrate toward a positive charger Larger fragments take longer to get through gel. Linear pieces take longer, supercoiled can speed through.

Question 42

Plamsid

Answer 42

10 kB limit

Question 43

Phage

Answer 43

20 kB limit

Question 44

Cosmid

Answer 44

48 kB limit