Notes #1: DNA Structure Flashcards
(23 cards)
DNA stands for what?
D: Deoxyribose
N: Nucleic
A: Acid
What is the full name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Where is DNA found?
DNA is wound into chromosomes, in the nucleus of the cell.
Why do we have DNA?
DNA carries the genetic info, it is also the manual to make proteins for our body.
DNA is a polymer, what are its subunits?
DNA is a polymer, and the subunits of DNA are nucleotides.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule formed when many smaller molecules (subunits) bond together.
Nucleotides are play what role in DNA?
Subunits (building blocks) of DNA.
Nucleotides have 3 parts, what are these 3 parts?
-A simple sugar (deoxyribose)
-A phosphate group
-A nitrogenous base (a carbon ring structure)
What are nitrogenous bases?
Carbon rings that have nitrogen.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
-Adenine (A)
-Cytosine (C)
-Guanine (G)
-Thymine (T)
How many groups are nitrogenous bases broken into?
2 groups
There are 2 groups or nitrogenous bases present in DNA and RNA, and what are they?
GROUP 1:
Pyrimidine
Cytosine and Thymine (DNA only)
GROUP 2:
Purine
Adenine and guanine
DNA is like a ladder, what are the “steps” made of and what are the “sides/rails” made of?
The “sides” (rails of DNA) are made of a phosphate and a sugar backbone)
The “steps” are made from nitrogenous bases.
What forms a pattern in DNA?
The nitrogenous bases from a pattern.
Complementary base pairs are what?
Adenine is always bonded with Thymine (A-T)
Cytosine is always bonded with Guanine (C-G)
What are nitrogenous bases bonded together by?
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds what nitrogenous bases together?
-A to T with 2 hydrogen bonds
-C to G with 3 hydrogen bonds
How is DNA shaped?
-DNA is twisted clockwise
-The 2 sides of DNA are antiparallel
- Wound into a double helix
What is Chargaff’s Rule?
-The Adenine= the amount of Thymine (A-T)
-The Guanine= the amount of Cytosine (G-C)
Does DNA vary in speices type?
It varies on the amount of A, T, C, and G present in the species
Who discovered the shape of DNA?
Watson and Crick (1953)
When Watson and Crick discovered the shape of DNA, whose discovery was it based on?
It was based on a X-ray diffraction image taken by Rosalind Franklin in 1951.
What are the rules for when nitrogenous bases bond?
A always pairs with T
C always pairs with G
