notes

Question 1

% of grains to be whole grains

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

macronutrients

Answer 2

CHO, protein, fat

Question 3

key for protein

Answer 3

go lean

Question 4

limit red meat to …

Answer 4

twice per week

Question 5

micronutrients

Answer 5

minerals, vitamins

Question 6

mandatory allergy labels

Answer 6

cows milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame seeds, fish, wheat, soybeans

Question 6

stomach acids

Answer 6

HCL and pepsin

Question 7

amylase

Answer 7

breaks down CHO and is form saliva and pancreatic juice

Question 8

lipase

Answer 8

breaks down fats and is released from pancreas

Question 9

bile

Answer 9

digests fat and is made in liver

Question 10

major site of absorption of nutrients except fiber

Answer 10

small intestine (villi)

Question 11

aspiration precautions

Answer 11

seated upright
30 minute rest before and after meals
tilt chin down
thicken fluids
no straws

Question 11

vitamin for blood clots

Answer 11

K

Question 12

simple sugars

Answer 12

mono or disaccharides
fruit, honey, milk

Question 12

CHO kcal/g ?

Answer 12

4kcal/g

Question 13

complex sugars

Answer 13

polysaccharides

Question 13

what is the first to leave the stomach

Answer 13

carbs

Question 14

prebiotics

Answer 14

indigestible , helps bacterial flora grow

Question 15

carbs are digested down into what

Answer 15

simple sugars: galactose, glucose, fructose

Question 16

liver converts all CHO to what

Answer 16

glucose

Question 17

liver stores CHO as what

Answer 17

glycogen

Question 18

% of daily calories to be carbs

Answer 18

45-65%

Question 18

bottle mouth syndrome

Answer 18

syndrome in babies when sugary substances stay in mouth for too long

Question 19

average american consumes ? tsp sugar/day

Answer 19

18

Question 20

limit added sugar foods to ?

Answer 20

less than 8 tsp per day or less than 50 grams (10%)

Question 21

recommended fiber g/day

Answer 21

21-38g/day

Question 22

key foods for a high fiber diet

Answer 22

prunes, fruits, veggies with skin, whole grain. nuts, and seeds

Question 23

what does a high fiber diet decrease problems with

Answer 23

diabetes hyperlipidemia constipation diverticulosis colon cancer

Question 24

galactosemia

Answer 24

genetic disorder galactose not converted into glucose by liver enzymes

Question 24

low fiber (low residue) diet is for what purpose

Answer 24

decreased intestinal activity

Question 25

low fiber diet uses

Answer 25

diverticulitis colostomy IBD (chrons, ulcerative colitis)

Question 26

diet purpose of DM

Answer 26

BG control lose weight w/ exercise

Question 26

CHO kcal/g

Answer 26

4 kcal/g

Question 27

what does fat promote

Answer 27

satiety

Question 27

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 27

A, D, E, K

Question 27

if cells are low on CHO

Answer 27

1. cells burn fat abnormally 2. seen in diabetes and starvation (no glucose in cells) 3. increase in ketones (acidic = decreased pH)

Question 27

fertility ratio of fat to muscle

Answer 27

3:1

Question 27

why should pregnant people limit seafood

Answer 27

mercury

Question 28

required nutrients on food labels

Answer 28

sodium, vitamin D, calcium, iron, potassium

Question 28

clear liquid diet used for

Answer 28

after GI surgeries, before GI tests, acute vomiting/diarrhea

Question 29

diabetics should eat mostly what type of carbs

Answer 29

complex carbs such as whole grains and legumes

Question 30

diabetes pt should avoid what type of veggie

Answer 30

starchy veggies

Question 31

fats are the second energy source after what

Answer 31

carbs

Question 31

where is excess fat stored

Answer 31

adipose tissue

Question 32

low glucose increases what

Answer 32

ketone acids

Question 33

fats should be what percent of daily calories

Answer 33

20-35%

Question 34

limit saturated fats to less that ? percent of daily calories

Answer 34

less than 10%

Question 35

how much cholesterol should be eaten per day

Answer 35

less than 300mg/day

Question 36

where does cholesterol come from

Answer 36

from animal foods and made by the liver

Question 37

cholesterol is carried by what proteins in the body

Answer 37

HDL and LDL

Question 38

if LDL is high what can happen

Answer 38

atherosclerosis, plaqueq buildup

Question 39

HDL removes what

Answer 39

plaque

Question 39

omega 3 and 6 fatty acids

Answer 39

DHA and EPA

Question 40

sources of omega fatty acids

Answer 40

cold water fish, vegetable oil, seeds and nuts

Question 41

eating fish twice per week will decrease...?

Answer 41

risk of MI and stroke risk of abnormal blood clots inflammation

Question 42

sources of monounsaturated fats

Answer 42

olives, avocados, peanuts, almonds, canola oil, designer margarines

Question 43

source of saturated fats

Answer 43

red meats, egg yolks, dairy,

Question 44

high protein diet

Answer 44

1.2-1.6 g/kg/day

Question 45

purpose of a low protein diet

Answer 45

decrease workload on liver/kidneys

Question 46

during liver failure, ammonia is not converted to urea and can become what

Answer 46

toxic to the brain

Question 47

for chronic kidney disease what is increased

Answer 47

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) toxic to the body

Question 48

four pt with gout (arthritis) what do they have a problem breaking down

Answer 48

purines found in proteins

Question 49

gout pts need what kind of diet

Answer 49

low purine diet

Question 50

gout pt should avoid

Answer 50

red organ meats fish turkey veal and bacon

Question 51

what helps a gout pt

Answer 51

increased fluids, coffee, cherries

Question 52

what does alkaline ash dish diet do

Answer 52

makes urine more alkaline

Question 53

for alkaline ash diet what to avoid

Answer 53

meat fish eggs grains