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AP Biology > Notes-50 > Flashcards

Notes-50 Flashcards

0
Q

Biotic components

A

all other organisms part of any individual organism’s environment

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1
Q

Ecology

A

scientific study of the interactions of organisms & their environments

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2
Q

Abiotic component

A

nonliving chemical & physical factors ex: temp, light, water, nutrients

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3
Q

Organismal ecology

A

studies behavioral, physiological, & morphological ways individuals meet abiotic challenges

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4
Q

Population ecology

A

studies group of individuals of same species living in a geographic area ex: factors that affect population size & composition

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5
Q

community ecology

A

studies all organisms that inhabit a particular area ex: predation, competition, disease

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6
Q

Ecosystem ecology

A

studies all abiotic factors as well as communities of organisms in an area ex: energy flow & chemical cycling among abiotic & biotic components

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7
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Wrote Silent Spring in 1962- exposed fact that widespread use of pesticides often affects nontarget organisms

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8
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Temp, humidity, salinity, water, sunlight, wind, periodic disturbance, & rocks and soil

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9
Q

Climate

A

prevailing weather conditions at a locality

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10
Q

biomes

A

major types of ecosystems typical of broad geographic areas

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11
Q

Earth’s tilt

A

23.5 degrees

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12
Q

Tropics

A
  • receive sunlight directly overhead year round
  • least seasonal variation
  • greatest annual input of solar radiation
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13
Q

Polar regions

A

long cold winters w/ periods of continual darkness & short summers w/ periods of continual light

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14
Q

doldrums

A

area of light shifting winds along equator

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15
Q

microclimate

A

small areas w/in habitat that may have very different conditions than overall area

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16
Q

aquatic biomes

A

largest part of biosphere

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17
Q

2 layers of a body of water

A
  • photic-upper layer, sufficient light & photosynthesis

- aphotic-lower layer, little light & no photosynthesis

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18
Q

thermocline

A

narrow vertical zone btw warmer & colder waters where rapid temp change occurs

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19
Q

Freshwater biome

A

ponds, lakes, streams, & rivers

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20
Q

benthic zone

A
  • bottom of aquatic biome

- occupied by communities of benthos organisms that consume dead organic matter

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21
Q

littoral zone

A

shallow well lit waters close to shore

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22
Q

limnetic zone

A

open well lit waters away from shores

23
Q

profundal zone

A

deep aphotic zone lying beneath limnetic zone

24
Q

oligotrohic lakes

A
  • deep, nutrient poor

- phytoplankton aren’t very productive

25
Q

eutrophic lake

A
  • usually shallow nutrient rich

- very productive phytoplankton

26
Q

mesotrophic lake

A

moderate amount of nutrients & phytoplankton productivity

27
Q

streams/rivers

A

bodies of water that move continuously in 1 direction

28
Q

headwaters

A
  • point if origin

- cold & clear water

29
Q

mouth

A
  • where they empty into larger body of water

- water moves slowly, higher nutrient content

30
Q

channel

A

narrow w/ rocky substrate & water flows swiftly

31
Q

biosphere

A

global ecosystem, sum of all Earth’s ecosystems

34
Q

channelization

A

increases flow rate

35
Q

damming

A

slows flow rate

36
Q

wetlands

A
  • area covered by water that supports aquatic vegetation

- among the richest and valuable of biomes

37
Q

Marine communities

A

oceans; similar to freshwater

38
Q

photic zone

A

light penetration supports photosynthesis

39
Q

aphotic zone

A
  • below level of effective light penetration

- majority of ocean’s volume

40
Q

intertidal zone

A

shallow zone where terrestrial habitat meets the ocean’s waters

41
Q

neritic zone

A

extends from intertidal zone to, across shallow regions, to edge of continental shelf

42
Q

oceanic zone

A
  • extends over deep water from 1 continental shelf to another
  • reaches great depth
43
Q

pelagic zone

A

open waters of any depth

44
Q

benthic zone

A

sea floor

45
Q

coral reefs

A

in neritic zone of warm tropical waters where sunlight penetrates to ocean floor

46
Q

oceanic pelagic biome

A
  • open waters far from shore

- plankton & nekton found here

47
Q

Nekton

A

free swimming animals

48
Q

Benthos

A

organisms that inhabit benthic zone

49
Q

Regulators

A

organisms that maintain homeostasis of body thru behavioral & physiological mechanisms

50
Q

Conformers

A

organisms that allow internal conditions to vary w/ the external conditions

51
Q

Principle of allocation

A

ea. organism has limited energy that can be allocated for obtaining nutrients, escaping predators, coping w/ environmental fluctuations, growth, & reproduction

52
Q

Acclimation

A

when physiological responses to changing environments shifts tolerance limits of organism

53
Q

Basin wetlands

A

develop in shallow basins ranging from upland depressions to lakes & ponds that have filled in

54
Q

Riverine wetlands

A

develop along shallow shallow & periodically flooded banks of rivers & streams

55
Q

Fringe wetlands

A

found along coasts of large lakes & seas where rising lake levels or tides cause water to flow back & forth

56
Q

Estuary

A

area where freshwater stream or river merges w/ ocean

AP Biology (7 decks)

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