Notes-50

Question 0

Biotic components

Answer 0

all other organisms part of any individual organism’s environment

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

scientific study of the interactions of organisms & their environments

Question 2

Abiotic component

Answer 2

nonliving chemical & physical factors ex: temp, light, water, nutrients

Question 3

Organismal ecology

Answer 3

studies behavioral, physiological, & morphological ways individuals meet abiotic challenges

Question 4

Population ecology

Answer 4

studies group of individuals of same species living in a geographic area ex: factors that affect population size & composition

Question 5

community ecology

Answer 5

studies all organisms that inhabit a particular area ex: predation, competition, disease

Question 6

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 6

studies all abiotic factors as well as communities of organisms in an area ex: energy flow & chemical cycling among abiotic & biotic components

Question 7

Rachel Carson

Answer 7

Wrote Silent Spring in 1962- exposed fact that widespread use of pesticides often affects nontarget organisms

Question 8

Abiotic factors

Answer 8

Temp, humidity, salinity, water, sunlight, wind, periodic disturbance, & rocks and soil

Question 9

Climate

Answer 9

prevailing weather conditions at a locality

Question 10

biomes

Answer 10

major types of ecosystems typical of broad geographic areas

Question 11

Earth’s tilt

Answer 11

23.5 degrees

Question 12

Tropics

Answer 12

• receive sunlight directly overhead year round
• least seasonal variation
• greatest annual input of solar radiation

Question 13

Polar regions

Answer 13

long cold winters w/ periods of continual darkness & short summers w/ periods of continual light

Question 14

doldrums

Answer 14

area of light shifting winds along equator

Question 15

microclimate

Answer 15

small areas w/in habitat that may have very different conditions than overall area

Question 16

aquatic biomes

Answer 16

largest part of biosphere

Question 17

2 layers of a body of water

Answer 17

• photic-upper layer, sufficient light & photosynthesis

- aphotic-lower layer, little light & no photosynthesis

Question 18

thermocline

Answer 18

narrow vertical zone btw warmer & colder waters where rapid temp change occurs

Question 19

Freshwater biome

Answer 19

ponds, lakes, streams, & rivers

Question 20

benthic zone

Answer 20

• bottom of aquatic biome

- occupied by communities of benthos organisms that consume dead organic matter

Question 21

littoral zone

Answer 21

shallow well lit waters close to shore

Question 22

limnetic zone

Answer 22

open well lit waters away from shores

Question 23

profundal zone

Answer 23

deep aphotic zone lying beneath limnetic zone

Question 24

oligotrohic lakes

Answer 24

- deep, nutrient poor | - phytoplankton aren't very productive

Question 25

eutrophic lake

Answer 25

- usually shallow nutrient rich | - very productive phytoplankton

Question 26

mesotrophic lake

Answer 26

moderate amount of nutrients & phytoplankton productivity

Question 27

streams/rivers

Answer 27

bodies of water that move continuously in 1 direction

Question 28

headwaters

Answer 28

- point if origin | - cold & clear water

Question 29

mouth

Answer 29

- where they empty into larger body of water | - water moves slowly, higher nutrient content

Question 30

channel

Answer 30

narrow w/ rocky substrate & water flows swiftly

Question 31

biosphere

Answer 31

global ecosystem, sum of all Earth's ecosystems

Question 34

channelization

Answer 34

increases flow rate

Question 35

damming

Answer 35

slows flow rate

Question 36

wetlands

Answer 36

- area covered by water that supports aquatic vegetation | - among the richest and valuable of biomes

Question 37

Marine communities

Answer 37

oceans; similar to freshwater

Question 38

photic zone

Answer 38

light penetration supports photosynthesis

Question 39

aphotic zone

Answer 39

- below level of effective light penetration | - majority of ocean's volume

Question 40

intertidal zone

Answer 40

shallow zone where terrestrial habitat meets the ocean's waters

Question 41

neritic zone

Answer 41

extends from intertidal zone to, across shallow regions, to edge of continental shelf

Question 42

oceanic zone

Answer 42

- extends over deep water from 1 continental shelf to another - reaches great depth

Question 43

pelagic zone

Answer 43

open waters of any depth

Question 44

benthic zone

Answer 44

sea floor

Question 45

coral reefs

Answer 45

in neritic zone of warm tropical waters where sunlight penetrates to ocean floor

Question 46

oceanic pelagic biome

Answer 46

- open waters far from shore | - plankton & nekton found here

Question 47

Nekton

Answer 47

free swimming animals

Question 48

Benthos

Answer 48

organisms that inhabit benthic zone

Question 49

Regulators

Answer 49

organisms that maintain homeostasis of body thru behavioral & physiological mechanisms

Question 50

Conformers

Answer 50

organisms that allow internal conditions to vary w/ the external conditions

Question 51

Principle of allocation

Answer 51

ea. organism has limited energy that can be allocated for obtaining nutrients, escaping predators, coping w/ environmental fluctuations, growth, & reproduction

Question 52

Acclimation

Answer 52

when physiological responses to changing environments shifts tolerance limits of organism

Question 53

Basin wetlands

Answer 53

develop in shallow basins ranging from upland depressions to lakes & ponds that have filled in

Question 54

Riverine wetlands

Answer 54

develop along shallow shallow & periodically flooded banks of rivers & streams

Question 55

Fringe wetlands

Answer 55

found along coasts of large lakes & seas where rising lake levels or tides cause water to flow back & forth

Question 56

Estuary

Answer 56

area where freshwater stream or river merges w/ ocean