Notes 9 Flashcards
What are some characteristics of common garden beans?
Common garden beans are eudicots with thick cotyledons. They have a seed coat that protects and keeps the inside stable, a hinge hypocotyl, 2 cotyledons to nourish, an epicotyl, and the radical which is the seed root. Stays dominant until conditions are favorable.
What are some chacteristics of corn?
Corn is a monocot. Has single cotyledon, endosperm to nourish, primary root seed called radicle, a hypocotyl and an epicotyl, and a coleoptile.
What does germination in dicots look like?
The radicle pops out of the seed coat and starts sending root tissue downward. In dicots, there is a hook structure that enables a pressure to push through the soil and it opens up. Once the leaves are out, the plant can make its own food through photosynthesis.
What does germination in monocots look like?
The coleoptile is a very tough bit of tissue that penetrates through seed coat and through soil to form a tube that the shoot tissues comes out of.
What are simple fruits?
Simple fruits develop from one or more carpels and contain a single ovary. The single ovary may or may not include additional modified accessory floral structures. In addition, simple fruits are fleshy or dry. These fruits are often seen in the local market and are edible generally. Stigma houses the ovaries that become seeds, which are indivual peas in a pod.
What are aggregate fruits?
Aggregate fruit is when you have a flower with multiple tiny carpels. (raspberries). Each component is called a fruitlet and the hairs are remains of the stigma. Bits at the bottom are stamen.
What are multiple fruits?
Multiple fruit is an inflorescence made of many flowers. Each petal is an individual flower and pistol. (pineapple)
What is an accessory fruit?
An accessory fruit is a fruit that contains tissue derived from plant parts other than the ovary. In other words, the flesh of the fruit develops not from the floral ovary, but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel.
How do rhizomes grow?
A horizontal shoot grows below the surface and a vertical ones grows out.
Stolon are _____ shoots that grow along the surface.
Horizontal
Tubers are enlarged ends of ____ or _____ specialzied for storing food.
Rhizomes or stolons
What happens when stolens get to a favorable spot?
When they get to a favorable spot they will put our leaves and make a new plant that is identical to the parent as it’s just an extension of the tissue.
Tubers shoot out what?
Tubers shoot out new roots through eyes. Axillary buds that are trying to reproduce.
What are advantages/disadvanatages of asexual reproduction?
Advantages of asexual reproduction are that its self reliant, grows a perfect clone. Disadvantages are that if one is wiped out, all will become clones.
In a stable environment, asexual is good. Insatiable, prob not.
Whats the difference in sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from parents while asexual clones.
T or F:Many angiosperm species reproduce both asexually and sexually.
True
What is fragmentation?
Fragmentation is the separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole plants.
What is apomixis?
Apomixis is the asexual reproduction of seeds from a diploid cell.
T or F: Angiosperms want to self fertilize.
False.Many angiosperms have mechanisms that make it difficult or impossible for a flower to self fertilize. Dioecious species have staminate and carpellate flowers on separate plants.
Whats the benefit of flowers of the same kind having different reproductive structures?
Some flowers have more staminates and some have carpellates, so that they are the same flower but different, they can fertilize each other.
Whats the difference in thrum flowers and pin flowers?
Thrum flowers where stamens grow above styles, and pin flowers where styles grow above stamens.
Why would stamens and styles mature at different times?
Stamens and styles mature at different times or different levels to prevent self fertilization.
What is the self incompatibility foral adaptation to prevent self fertilization?
the plant rejects its own pollen. Researchers are figuring out molecular mechanisms as some plants reject pollen that has S-gene matching an allele in the stigma cells. Recognition of self pollen triggers a signal transduction pathways reading back to a block in the growth of a pollen tube.
T or F: Seeds contain genetic blueprints.
True. Seeds contain genetic blueprints like plant breeding or GMOs.
