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z_NUR112: MIDTERM_NOTES > Notes Ch: 29 - Infection Control > Flashcards

Notes Ch: 29 - Infection Control Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What are the six points of the chain of infection?

A
  • Infectious agent
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of Transmission
  • Portal of entry
  • Host
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2
Q

A reservoir is

A

a place where a pathogen can survive and multiply

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3
Q

List some examples of portals of exit

A
  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Respiratory, GI, Urinary, and Reproductive tracts
  • Blood transfusions/contact
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4
Q

Describe Vehicle contact.

A
  • Contact with contaminated items
  • ex. Water, Drugs, Solutions, Blood, Food
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5
Q

Describe Vector contact.

A
  • Acquired from animals and bugs such as a: misquito, louse, flea, tick, etc
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6
Q

What is the contact category for measles, chickenpox (varicella), or tuberculosis?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = AIRBORNE
  • Private Room
  • negative pressure airflow w/ HEPA filtration
  • PPE:
    • mask or n95 respirator (pending condition)
    • Gloves
    • Gown
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7
Q

What is the contact category for diptheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = Droplet
  • Precautions = Private room or cohort patients
  • PPE =
    • mask or respirator (pending condition)
    • Gloves
    • Gown
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8
Q

What is the contact category for MRSA, herpes, scabies, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A

Category = Direct/Indirect Contact

Precautions

  • Private room or cohort patients
  • Gloves
  • Gowns
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9
Q

What are the precautions for those who require a protective environgment (are immunocomprimised)?

A
  • Private room
  • Positive airflow
  • Hepa filtration
  • Mask worn by patient when out of room
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10
Q

What are the four stages of the

Infectious Process

Briefly describe each.

A
  1. Incubation: Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
  2. Prodromal: Symptoms go from non-specific to specific (most contagious stage)
  3. Illness: Diagnosed and treated
  4. Convalescence: Recovery time w/ full course of medication
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11
Q

What is the normal range for WBCs?

A

5-10K

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12
Q

Medical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

clean, reduces

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13
Q

Surgical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

sterile, prevents

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14
Q

What is the order of donning PPE?

A
  • Cap
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
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15
Q

What is the order of removing PPE?

A
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Cap
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16
Q

What are the three Modes of Transmission

A
  1. Contact
  2. Vehicle
  3. Vector
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17
Q

What are the four methods of the Contact mode of transmission?

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Droplet
  4. Airborne
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18
Q

Define Direct Contact

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A

Person-to-person physical contact between source and susceptible host

19
Q

Define Indirect Contact

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A

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object

20
Q

Define Droplet Contact

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A

Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host

21
Q

Define Airborne Contact

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A

Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles

22
Q

What are some examples of airborne pathogens?

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A
  • Tuberculosis
  • measles
  • chickenpox
23
Q

What is an example of Droplet Contact

Study These Flashcards
A

Influenza virus

24
Q

What are the three types of HAI?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Iatrogenic
  2. Exogenous
  3. Endogenous
25
Define the chacteristics of an Iatrogenic HAI.
acquired from procedure
26
Define the chacteristics of an Exogenous HAI.
acquired from microorganisms *outside* the individual
27
Define the chacteristics of an Endogenous HAI.
Acquired when the patient's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs.
28
What are four risk factors for HAI's
1. Number of health care employees with direct contact with the the patient 2. Types and numbers of invasive procedures 3. Therapy receivved 4. Length of hospitalization
29
What are three major sites for HAI infection?
1. Surgical or traumatic wounds 2. Urinary and respiratory tracts 3. Bloodstream
30
What is the PPE for Contact precautions?
* gloves * gown
31
What is the PPE for Droplet precautions?
* gloves * gown * mask
32
What is the PPE for Airborne precautions?
* gloves * gown * respirator
33
What are the four stages of the Infectious Process?
1. Incubation 2. Prodromal 3. Illness 4. Convalescence
34
Explain the Incubation period of the Infectious Process
* Interval b/t entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms * Length of time depends on the disease
35
Explain the Prodromal stage of the Infectious Process
* Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms (fever) * Most infectious period
36
Explain the Illness stage of the Infectious Process
* Interval when you manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection * You are diagnosed and being treated
37
Explain the Convalescence stage of the Infectious Process
* Take full course of medication * Acute symptoms of infection disappear * Recovery
38
What are the general signs of a local infection?
* Pain * Swelling * Redness * Heat * Impaired function of severely injured area
39
Define Asepsis
absence of pathogenic microorganisms
40
Medical asepsis is also known as...
clean technique
41
Surgical asepsis is also known as...
sterile technique
42
Define medical asepsis
* A cleaning technqie that reduces the number of microorganisms is reduced; and thus, the chance of infection * disinfection
43
Define surgical asepsis
* It is a cleaning technique that eliminates microorganisms completely; and thus, the chance of infection * sterilization

z_NUR112: MIDTERM_NOTES (14 decks)

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