Notes Ch: 31 - Assessment Pt. 5

Question 1

When assessing the abodomen, what is the order of auscultation?

Answer 1

• Auscultation follows the large intestine
• Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
• Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
• Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
• Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Question 2

What are the general abdominal items assessed during inspection?

Answer 2

• Umbilicus
• Contour and symmetry
• Enlarged organs or masses
• Movements or pulsation

Question 3

What are we listening for when auscultating the abdomen?

Answer 3

• Bowel motility
• Vascular sounds

Question 4

When listening to the bowels, what 2 things are we listening for? Describe each.

Answer 4

1. Peristalsis = no sounds = digestion not happening; indicative of blockage, etc
2. Borborygymi = normal sounds of digestive actvitities; indicates healthy system

Question 5

When ascultating the absomen for vascular sounds, what are we assessing for?

Answer 5

Bruits; swish sounds

Question 6

What is the order of assessment for the abdomen?

Answer 6

• Inspect
• Auscultate
• Palpate
• Percussion (MD/NP only)

Question 7

How is palpation performed on the abdomen?

Answer 7

light then deep

Question 8

What is being assessed in the palpation of the abdomen?

Answer 8

• tenderness
• distention
• masses

Question 9

Flank pain is indicative of

Answer 9

kidney issues

Question 10

How is costal vetebral angle assessed?

Answer 10

Placing hand over kidney and percussing. Pain indicates positive costal vetebral angle.

Question 11

Puking is a sign of…

Answer 11

alkalosis

Question 12

Diarreah is a sign of…

Answer 12

acidosis

Question 13

When inspecting the musculoskeletal system, what general items are being assessed?

Answer 13

• Gait (for safety/fall risk)
• Postural abnormalities
• Age-related changes

Question 14

Define Lordosis

Answer 14

• Manifests in an over arching of the back in a posterior direction
• Also known as swayback - results in shoulders further back than hips
• Also known as lumbar lordosis - when the lumbar have a pronounced arch making it look like the butt is pushed backward

Question 15

Define kyphosis

Answer 15

• Forward slouching of the shoulders and forward arching of the upper back
• Also known as hunchback

Question 16

Define scoliosis

Answer 16

• Scoliosis is a sideways curvature or twist of the spine

Question 17

When assessing the musculoskeletal system, we are palpating…

Answer 17

• joints,
• bones,
• muscles

Question 18

Lifting the hand upward to a 90° angle is an example of

Answer 18

hyperextension

Question 19

Holding your hands in front of you and paralel to the ground or bending your hands down to the ground in the same position are examples of…

Answer 19

flexion

Question 20

Abduction is movement _____ the medial plane.

Answer 20

away from

Question 21

Adduction is movment _____ the medial plane.

Answer 21

towards

Question 22

Pushing the shoulders toward the ground is an example of

Answer 22

depression

Question 23

Circular motions are known as…

Answer 23

circumduction

Question 24

Hands held forward, paralel to the ground with palms up is known as…

Answer 24

supination

Question 25

Hands held forward, paralel to the ground with palms down is known as...

Answer 25

pronation

Question 26

In anatomical position, moving the hands (only) away from the body is known as...

Answer 26

radial flexion

Question 27

In anatomical position, moving the hands (only) toward from the body is known as...

Answer 27

ulnar flexion

Question 28

Spreading the fingers apart is an example of \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 28

abduction

Question 29

Lifting the foot (only) toward the head is known as...

Answer 29

dorsiflexion

Question 30

Pointing the toes of the foot away from your head (like standing on your toes) is an example of...

Answer 30

plantar flexion

Question 31

Bending the soles of the feet toward each other is an example of...

Answer 31

inversion

Question 32

Moving the soles of the feet away from each other is an example of...

Answer 32

eversion

Question 33

Define Muscular Hypertonicity

Answer 33

Muscular hypertonicity (i.e., increased passive stiffness or tightness) is defined as an unexpected degree of physical resistance to manual movement of a joint(s) on slow, gentle stretching, e.g., rotation of the neck or abduction of a shoulder

Question 34

Define Muacular Hypotonicity

Answer 34

* State of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced musclestrength. * Lo/no resistance to passive ROM exercises

Question 35

Define Muscle Atrophy

Answer 35

* Muscle atrophy is when muscles waste away. * Caused by a lack of physical activity. * When a disease or injury makes it difficult or impossible for you to move an arm or leg, the lack of mobility can result in muscle wasting

Question 36

Extension at the wrist should be __ degrees, whereas flexion at the wrist should be __ degrees.

Answer 36

Extension: 70° Flexion: 90°

Question 37

Hyperextension of fingers should be __ degrees, where as flexion should be at __ degrees.

Answer 37

Hyperextension: 30° Flexion: 90°

Question 38

Radial flexsion should be at __ degrees, whereas ulnar flexion should be at __ degrees.

Answer 38

Radial flexion: 20° Ulnar flexion: 55°