Notes for Quiz 1

Question 1

What links CRJ 301 and CRJ 302 together?

Answer 1

sampling

Question 2

How can CRJ 301 (Research Methods) be divided?

Answer 2

theory and measurement

Question 3

How can CRJ 302 (Quantitative Applications) be divided?

Answer 3

Inferential Statistics and Descriptive Statistics

Question 4

________ is a means to generate and initiate new ideas

Answer 4

research

Question 5

research is a means to ________ and _______ new ______

Answer 5

generate
initiate
ideas

Question 6

What are the 2 different styles of theories?

Answer 6

(1) American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)

2) European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research

Question 7

Is this American or European Style:

Deductive Quantitative Research

Answer 7

American Style

Question 8

Is this American or European Style:

Inductive Qualitative Research

Answer 8

European Style

Question 9

Which type of theory style is dominant?

Answer 9

American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)

Question 10

Is this American or European Style:

came during the 1950’s

Answer 10

American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)

Question 11

Is this American or European Style:

came after enlightenment

Answer 11

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

Question 12

What is the process of deductive quantitative research?

Answer 12

1) propose a theory
2) hypothesis
3) testing w/data analysis
4) make a decision

Question 13

Is this American or European Style:

humans are rational

Answer 13

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

Question 14

Is this American or European Style:

observation

Answer 14

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

Question 15

Is this American or European Style:

description of truth/facts

Answer 15

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

Question 16

Is this American or European Style:

can generalize

Answer 16

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

Question 17

What are the characteristics of Deductive quantitative study?

Answer 17

1) relationship
2) prediction
3) falsification

Question 18

__________ means that:

theory ≠ truth or fact

Answer 18

Falsification

Question 19

Falsification means that:

______ ≠ truth or fact

Answer 19

theory

Question 20

Falsification means that:

theory ≠ _____ or _____

Answer 20

truth

fact

Question 21

Instead of truth or fact, when it comes to a theory, we use the word ____________

Answer 21

probability

Question 22

What are the characteristics of a causal relationship?

Answer 22

1) mechanism
2) temporal order
3) co-variation
4) non-spuriousness

Question 23

What is mechanism?

Answer 23

reasonable explanation of causality

Question 24

What is an example of mechanism?

Answer 24

literature review

Question 25

What is temporal order?

Answer 25

A must proceed B

Question 26

Which characteristics of causal relationships are fairly easy to satisfy?

Answer 26

1) mechanism 2) temporal order 3) co-variation

Question 27

What does non-spuriousness mean?

Answer 27

not caused by any 3rd factor

Question 28

How to get rid of 3rd factors.

Answer 28

1) research design | 2) statistics

Question 29

What is the process of inductive qualitative study?

Answer 29

1) observation 2) explanation 3) generalization 4) theory

Question 30

What are some problems with inductive qualitative studies?

Answer 30

1) inaccurate observation 2) selective observation 3) illogical reasoning 4) overgeneralization

Question 31

A 3rd factor is also known as ____________ or ____-______________ factors

Answer 31

confounding | non-spuriousness

Question 32

What is internal validity?

Answer 32

indicates how much we satisfy the 4 characteristics of a causal relationship

Question 33

high _______ _______= high quantity of research

Answer 33

internal validity

Question 34

high internal validity= high ________ of ________

Answer 34

quantity | research

Question 35

________ _______, uses an experiment to cancel out/ control for other factors

Answer 35

research design

Question 36

_______ __________, a tool for sampling

Answer 36

random assignment

Question 37

_________ __________ is rare in criminal justice

Answer 37

randomized experiment

Question 38

What is the difference between quasi-experimental design and research design?

Answer 38

the quasi-experimental design doesn't use random experiment

Question 39

What are the 3 types of quasi-experimental designs?

Answer 39

1) time series 2) non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design 3) No Pre-test (or no control group)

Question 40

Which type of quasi-experimental design is this: | observing continuously and spotting differences

Answer 40

time series

Question 41

What is the best quasi-experiment design?

Answer 41

time series

Question 42

Which type of quasi-experimental design is this: | using research design without random/assignment

Answer 42

non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design

Question 43

Which type of quasi-experimental design is this: | ex. "yes or no" question without testing

Answer 43

No Pre-test (or no control group)

Question 44

What is the worst quasi-experimental design?

Answer 44

No Pre-test (or no control group)

Question 45

What is the most frequently used design due to how cheap it is?

Answer 45

non-experimental design

Question 46

Which type of experimental design group is this: | only having one group (no other group)

Answer 46

non-experimental design

Question 47

Which type of experimental design group is this: | you can use statistics to control for the other factors

Answer 47

non-experimental design