noun phrases

Question 1

4 types of premodifiers in noun phrases?

Answer 1

introducer, determiner, intensifier and ajectival

Question 2

introducer function

Answer 2

function: modifies the determiner (usually in number)

eg. instead of ‘the cats’ - “‘some’ of the cats”

Question 3

introducer position

Answer 3

comes before the determiner eg. “some of” the cats

Question 4

introducer number

Answer 4

only one introducer can appear per noun phrase

Question 5

determiner function

Answer 5

concerns the definiteness of the head word

eg. ‘my’ house, ‘that’ house.

Question 6

determiner number

Answer 6

only one per noun phrae

Question 7

determiner word types

Answer 7

article: the, a, an some, this, those
possessive pronoun: my, our, her, their
negative: no, not, (eg. no cats)
quantifier: ever, each, either (every person, either person)

Question 8

determiner position

Answer 8

usually first element of a noun phrase unless an introducer is present

Question 9

intensifier function

Answer 9

intensify the adjectival element of the noun phrase

eg. instead of ‘a big ball’ –> ‘a very big ball’

Question 10

intensifier position

Answer 10

in front of the adjectival element

Question 11

intensifier number

Answer 11

possible to have more than one intensifier

Question 12

intensifier word class

Answer 12

adverbs: very, really, most etc

Question 13

adjectival element function

Answer 13

add description to head words

Question 14

adjectival position

Answer 14

occurs immediately in front of the head word

Question 15

adjectival number

Answer 15

possible to have multiple

Question 16

the copula is?

Answer 16

mostly the verb to be am, is, are, was, were, been, being
was, is, were, going
but also: appears, seems, to become

Question 17

classic modal verbs?

Answer 17

may/might/must
can/could
shall/should
will/would
neet to
used to

Question 18

function of modal verbs?

Answer 18

these verbs convey aspects of probability, possibility, ability intentionality, obligation and willingness
-only one classical modal verb can appear per phrase

Question 19

early modal verbs

Answer 19

wanna
gonna
gotta

Question 20

auxillary verbs

Answer 20

to be
to have
to do
are auxillary verbs when they are positioned in front of a main verb
eg. I should have gone
          mod.   aux. MV

Question 21

auxiliary ‘to have’

Answer 21

to indicate subtle completion

eg. I ran –> I have run, I had run

Question 22

auxiliary ‘to be’

Answer 22

to indicate the continuance of an action either now or in the past.
eg. I run –> I am running, I was running

Question 23

auxiliary ‘to do’

Answer 23

allows the formation of questions, emphatics(positives?) and negatives
-I not run –> I did not run , I do not run
I run –> I do run, I did run

Question 24

adjectival phrases apply to

Answer 24

subjects or (objects)

Question 25

adverbial phrases apply to

Answer 25

verb clause elements

Question 26

where are adjectival phrases found?

Answer 26

in the clause element: complement
eg. She is happy
Cl: S V C
Phr: AdjP: Hd

not used:
eg. She is a doctor
Cl: S V C
Phr: NP: det. Hd

Question 27

where are adverbial phrases found?

Answer 27

adverbial phrases found primarily in only some adverbial clause elements
–> which are specifically describing the manner of the verb
eg. the car was driving slowly to work
Cl: S V A A
Phr: AdvP: Hd PP: pr+ NP: Hd

or eg. he was very slowly winning
Cl: S V A V
Phr: AdvP:intens. Hd

Question 28

structure of adjectival phrase?

Answer 28

a phrase where the headword is an adjective

*only premodifier in an adjectival phrase is an intensifier (awfully, very, really, absolutely etc)

Question 29

structure of adverbial phrase?

Answer 29

a phrase where the headword is an adverb eg. slowly, rapidly, now etc.

Question 30

adverbials function?

Answer 30

where, when, why, how etc

Question 31

complement function?

Answer 31

describes or defines the subject or Object