NR 420 Exam 2

Question 1

Dependent variable

Answer 1

• a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another.
• Example: level of sleep disturbance, amt of narcotic

Question 2

Independent Variable

Answer 2

• Does not depent on the value of another
• Example: Log, Actigrophy, sex of the patient

Question 3

What is a literature review

Answer 3

Identifies the gap in the literature

Question 4

What is Descriptive?

Answer 4

prevalence, magnitude or characteristics of the problem

Question 5

Exploratory is

Answer 5

phenomena

Question 6

Explanatory is

Answer 6

Correlation, the look at why

Question 7

Predictive/Controlling

Answer 7

look at what will occur if rrelated factors change

Question 8

What is a sample design

Answer 8

process of selecting a unit of a population for a study in a research investigation

Question 9

What does a sample design do?

Answer 9

estimates or predicts a fact or outcome

Question 10

What is a population

Answer 10

any one in the world who meet criteria for the people to be studied (Non small cell lung cancer patients)

Question 11

What is a source population

Answer 11

a subset of the population, a smaller geographical area (medical center in northern Taiwan)

Question 12

What is a sampling frame?

Answer 12

complete list of the units of the source of the population (target population).

Question 13

What is eligibility criteria

Answer 13

• characteristics that restrict the population to a homogenous group of subjects (subgroups)
• Example: gender, age, socioeconomic status, education

Question 14

3 Properties that make up true experimental design?

Answer 14

1. randomization
2. control
3. manipulation

Question 15

What is a research study using a true experimental design called?

Answer 15

RCT

Question 16

Control group

Answer 16

• homogenous sample
• consistent data collection procedures
• one or more constants
• one receive manipulation, one doesnt (placebo)

Question 17

Experimental group

Answer 17

some subjects receive the intervention. i.e. “manipulation”

Question 18

Experimental Design

Answer 18

get different treatments, cause/effect relationship

Question 19

Quasi Experimental

Answer 19

• One variable has not been manipulated or controlled (because it cannot be)
• cause/effect relationship, less powerful than ‘experimental’

Question 20

Non Experimental

Answer 20

• Discover new meaning (RELATIONSHIP)
• Describe what already exists
• measure the r/t btwn 2+ variables
• Outcome: hypothesis for future research, tentative explanations

Question 21

Cross Sectional Data

Answer 21

collected at one point in time

Question 22

Longitudinal study

Answer 22

collected at several point in time

Question 23

Name 3 data collection methods

Answer 23

1. Self Report (Interview, questionnaire)
2. Observation
3. Biophysiology

Question 24

What 2 theses are measured in instruments

Answer 24

reliability and validity

Question 25

What is reliability

Answer 25

* repeated measurments would vive the same result. * Tool used to measure is *consistent*

Question 26

What is Validity

Answer 26

* Whether is measures what it's purpose is to measure * measurment is accurate

Question 27

What are descriptive statistics?

Answer 27

summarize, measure of central tendency, variability, correlation

Question 28

What are inferential statistics?

Answer 28

predict, generalize, answer research questions, used to draw a *conclusion*

Question 29

In descriptive statistics, what can frequencies be converted to?

Answer 29

percentages

Question 30

What does "measures of central tendency mean"

Answer 30

mean, median,, mode

Question 31

In descriptive statistics, what is dispersion of spread?

Answer 31

range, variance, standard deviation

Question 32

In descriptive statistics, what is measures of shape

Answer 32

distribution (symmetry) or Kurtosis (height)

Question 33

Standard Deviation measures

Answer 33

how far from the mean (how far from normal)

Question 34

Normal distribution

Answer 34

area under the curve

Question 35

What 2 hypothesis are tested in inferential statistics?

Answer 35

research/scientific hypothesis, null hypothesis

Question 36

In probability, what is the level of significance?

Answer 36

* p value (.01 or .05). the **lower** the p value, the **more** significant the result * probabilyt of null hypothesis being true

Question 37

Type I Error

Answer 37

* the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis (a "false positive" * Reject null hypothesis * detecting an effect that is not present

Question 38

Type II Error

Answer 38

* failure to reject a false null hypothesis * failing to detect an effect that is present

Question 39

Two Group Test is

Answer 39

T-Test

Question 40

More than 2 groups test is

Answer 40

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)