NS Drugs and Toxins Flashcards
(16 cards)
Lidocaine
Type, what is it used for?
Sodium VGC Blocker
Used as anesthesia
Blocks APs
Tetrodotoxin (TTX)
Type, where is it found?
Sodium VGC Blocker
Pufferfish, starfish, newts, hosts of TTX bacteria
Blocks APs
Saxitoxin (SXT)
Type, where is it found?
Sodium VGC Blocker
Population explosion of dinoflagellates = red tides, accumulates in shellfish
Flaccid- Blocks APs
Clostridium botulinum
Type, what does toxin do?
Vesicle Blocker
Botulinum toxin is a protease that breaks down one of the fusion proteins (docking proteins that anchor vesicles to membrane)
Flaccid- Blocks NT release
Atropine
Type, what effects does it cause
mACh-R Blocker/competitor
Sympathomimetic, used as treatment of parasympathomimetic effects
Flaccid- Decreased parasympathetic response
Curare
Type, what effects does it cause
nACh-R blocker/competitor
Causes muscle weakness
Most abundant nACh receptors found on skeletal muscle and diaphragm (causes asphyxiation in large doses)
Flaccid- blocks skeletal muscle response
Neostigmine/Pyridosigmine
Type, what is it used to treat
AChE (Reversible) Blockers
Used to treat Myasthenia Gravis
Spastic- AChE blocker allows ACh to stay in synaptic cleft longer
What is Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune disease where antibodies block/destroy nACh receptors at neuromuscular junction
Causes skeletal muscle weakness
Flaccid paralysis
What is given in case of blocker overdose?
Under AChE reversible blockers
- Inject Atropine to block mAChRs
- Protopam: competes for AChE inhibitors
Overdose= tetany (cholinergic crisis)
DFP (di-isopropyl fluorophosphates)
Type, what is it found in?
AChE (biologically irreversible) Blocker
insecticides
Spastic- potent AChE blocker allows ACh to stay in synaptic cleft longer
Sarin
Type, what is it used in? What are its effects
AChE (biologically irreversible) Blocker
Chemical weapon
Causes tetany of respiratory muscles (Inhale but no exhale)
Spastic- potent AChE blocker allows ACh to stay in synaptic cleft longer
How is Sarin treated?
- Ventilator until AChE turnover
- Inject Atropine
- Inject Protopam
Protopam pulls sarin off of AChE
Tetanus exotoxin
Type, bacteria, effects
Inhibitory Neuron Blockers
Clostridium tetani
Muscles can’t relax, continuous excitatory stimulation, opposing flexor and extensor muscles contract, lockjaw
Spastic- blocks release of inhibitory NTs (GABA/Glycine), somatic neuron
How is tetanus treated?
Ventilation if necessary
Antitoxin
Diazempam (+GABA binding), muscle relaxant
Prevented with vaccination
Black Widow Spider Venom latrotoxin
Type, effects
Spastic Paralysis, works like tetanus
Blocks release of inhibitory NTs
Brazilian Wandering Spider Venom (Phoneutria fera)
Type, effects
Calcium blocker
Flaccid paralysis
Loss of muscle control, paralysis and asphyxiation
Also releases Nitic Oxide, causes erection
