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LOCO 2 > NSAIDs > Flashcards

NSAIDs Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Define pain

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

What is allodynia

A

Pain due a stimulus that does not usually elicit pain

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3
Q

What is hyperalgesia

A

An increased response to a stimulus is normally painful

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4
Q

How does somatic pain feel

A
  • Aching
  • Constant
  • May be dull/ sharp
  • Well localised, except when deep
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5
Q

What is Hiltons law

A

Nerve that supplies a joint capsule also supply the muscles that move the joint and the skin over the joint

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6
Q

How much of COX-2 must be inhibited for anti-inflammatory properties to work

A

80%

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7
Q

What is the main mode of action of NSAIDs

A

Inhibitions of COX enzymes (1 and 2)

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8
Q

3 properties of NSAIDS

A

Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory

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9
Q

How do ibuprofen, duclofenac, ketoprofen differ from asprin

A

Additional mechanisms as well as asprisin

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10
Q

Name 4 selective COX-2 inhibitors

A

Roflecoxib
Celecoxib
Etoricoxib
Meloxicam

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11
Q

Name 4 NSAIDs which are mainly for pain

A

-Aceclofenax
Etoricoxib
Fenbufen
Tiaprofenic acid

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12
Q

What NSAID is mainly for pain

A

Paracoxib

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13
Q

Which NSAID comes in eye drop

A

Ketorolac

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14
Q

By inhibiting COX enzymes what is inhibited

A

Prostaglandins

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15
Q

Where are prostaglandins derived from

A

Archidonic acid

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16
Q

What happens to the arachidonic acid during prostaglandin synthesis

A
  • Injected into COX enzymes hydrophobic channel

- Interacts with molecular oxygen to produce either prostacyclins, prostaglandins or thromboxane

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17
Q

What is the action of prostaglandin E2

A

Vasodilator

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18
Q

What is the action of prostaglandin D2

A

Vasodilator

Inhibits platelet aggregation

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19
Q

What is the action of prostaglandin F2

A

Vasoconstrictors

Works on the uterus to make it contract

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20
Q

What is thromboxane

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A

Thrombotic and vasoconstrictor

21
Q

What enzyme catalyses the formation of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid

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A

Enzyme cyclooxygenase

22
Q

Describe how the shape of COX1/ COX2 differs

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A

Cox 1 is narrower

Cox 2 is less rigid

23
Q

What is prostacylin also known as

24
Q

Where do prostaglandins diffuse to

25
What kind of receptors are the prostaglandin receptors
GPCR
26
How many different prostaglandin receptors are there
9
27
What is COX 1's function
'house keeping' | contributes to homeostasis
28
Which COX is inducible
COX 2
29
What induces COX 2
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
30
How long does COX 2 take to be induced
half an hour- 4 hours
31
Why can COX 2 be induced and prostaglandins be produced easily
Looser hydrophobic channel allows more things in
32
Which COX is mainly found in the stomach and where specifically in the stomach is it found
COX 1 | Protects against injury and damage
33
Where is the stomach is COX 2 found
Low level of COX 2 found in the superficial mucosa
34
What prevents platelet aggregation
PGI2 from endothelial cells
35
What induces platelet aggregation
Thromboxane A2 COX 1
36
Does ibuprofen have long term or short term effect on platelets
Short
37
In which area are both COX 1 and COX 2 found under resting location
CNS and spinal cord
38
Where in the kidney is COX 2 found
In the macula densa
39
When does COX 2 increase in the kidney
In salt deprivation
40
What cell types are activated when COX 2 is induced
Macrophages | Synoviocytes
41
How much of COX 1 does aspirin inhibit if 80% of COX 2 is inhibited
90
42
What category of NSAID are ibuprofen/ piroxicam
Cateogory 1: rapid, competitive, reversible binding of COX 1/2
43
What category of NSAID are diclofenac/ indomethacin
Rapid, lower affinity reversible followed by time dependent, high affinity slowly reversible binding of COX 1/2
44
What category of NSAID is aspririn
Rapid reversible binding followed by covalent modification of COX 1 and or COX 2 non competitive reversible
45
What are coxibs
Selective to COX 2 inhibitors
46
What adverse effects have been reported in use of selective COX 2 inhibitors
Increased CV risk
47
Is GI risk more significant in selective cox 2 or non selective
Non selective
48
2 proposed mechanisms for paracetomol
- Modulate endogenous cannaboid system and trpv1 by am404 | - activates serotonergic descending pathways

LOCO 2 (25 decks)

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