NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 1

stores, transmit, & help express hereditary information

Answer 1

Nucleic acids

Question 2

it is a unit of inheritance that programs the amino sequence of a polypeptide

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

genes are made of ___

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

what makes up DNA

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

2 TYPES OF DNA

Answer 5

DNA
RNA

Question 6

controls protein synthesis

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

directs synthesis of messenger RNA

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

where does protein synthesis occur

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

nucleic acids are polymers called _____

Answer 9

Polynucleotides

Question 10

each polynucleotides are made up of monomers called _____

Answer 10

Nucleotides

Question 11

portion of nucleotide without phosphate group

Answer 11

Nucleoside

Question 12

nitrogenous base + sugar =

Answer 12

Nucleoside

Question 13

2 FAMILIES OF NITROGENOUS BASES

Answer 13

Pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil)
Purines (adenine, guanine)

Question 14

have a single six-membered ring

Answer 14

Pyrimidines

Question 15

have a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring

Answer 15

Purines

Question 16

in DNA, the sugar is _____

Answer 16

Deoxyribose

Question 17

in RNA, the sugar is _____

Answer 17

Ribose

Question 18

nucleoside + phosphate group

Answer 18

Nucleotide

Question 19

are linked together to build a polynucleotide

Answer 19

Nucleotide polymers

Question 20

links nucleotides together

Answer 20

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 21

carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes

Answer 21

mRNA

Question 22

Transfers amino acids during protein synthesis

Answer 22

tRNA

Question 23

Structural and catalytic part of ribosomes

Answer 23

rRNA

Question 24

DNA bases

Answer 24

GCAT

Question 25

RNA bases

Answer 25

GCAU

Question 26

unwinds DNA

Answer 26

Helicase

Question 27

adds RNA primers

Answer 27

Primase

Question 28

Adds nucleotides 5′ to 3′

Answer 28

DNA polymerase

Question 29

Seals fragments on lagging strand

Answer 29

Ligase

Question 30

transfers amino acids during translation

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

Gene expression regulation in RNA

Answer 31

miRNA / siRNA

Question 32

stop codon

Answer 32

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 33

Purine: Pure As Gold (A,G) Pyrimidine: CUT the Py (C, U, T)

Question 34

primary enzyme involved in transcription

Answer 34

RNA polymerase

Question 35

where does translation takes place

Answer 35

Ribosome

Question 36

3-base sequence on mRNA

Answer 36

Codon

Question 37

3-base sequence on tRNA

Answer 37

Anticodon

Question 38

DNA strands run opposite directions

Answer 38

Antiparallel

Question 39

describes the flow of genetic information within a cell, from DNA to RNA to protein

Answer 39

Central dogma

Question 40

the process of copying DNA into RNA using RNA polymerase

Answer 40

Transcription

Question 41

where does transcription take place

Answer 41

Nucleus

Question 42

is the process of converting mRNA into a protein using ribosomes and tRNA

Answer 42

Translation

Question 43

where does translation occur

Answer 43

Ribosome within cytoplasm

Question 44

most common start codon

Answer 44

AUG

Question 45

bond that holds the two strands of DNA together

Answer 45

Hydrogen bonds