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Biology 3 > Nucleic acids and proteins > Flashcards

Nucleic acids and proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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2
Q

What is DNA?

A

A polymer of nucleotides that contain hereditary information.
Nucleotide contains: sugar, phosphate and N-containing base.

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3
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Controls all metabolic processes in cell through polypeptide chains in which DNA dictates production.

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4
Q

What is ribonucleic acid?

A

RNA is a polymer of nucleotides but is an unpaired chain. Contains Uracil not thymine.

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5
Q

What are the different types of RNA?

A
  • messenger RNA: mRNA
  • ribosomal RNA: rRNA
  • transfer RNA: tRNA
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6
Q

What is mRNA?

A

RNA that carries genetic message to ribosome where message is translated into a particular protein.

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7
Q

What is rRNA?

A

RNA responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together.

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8
Q

What is tRNA?

A

RNA that carry amino acids to ribosomes where they are used to construct proteins.

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9
Q

What is a template strand?

A

One of the strands of a gene in which acts as a template for mRNA. This way the RNA makes a copy of the opposite bases from that stand so that is has the info of the non template strand.

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10
Q

What is gene sequencing?

A

When the order of nucleotides in a gene are identified. The process involves identifying order of nucleotides.

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11
Q

How do genes differ?

A

Each species has a different sequence of nucleotides in their genes.

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12
Q

What is coded information?

A

Sequence of nucleotides in template strand of DNA.

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13
Q

What is decoded information?

A

Order of amino acids in polypeptides.

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14
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A
  • structural proteins: connective tissue
  • contractile proteins: muscle
  • enzymes: regulate reactions
  • proteins of the immune system
  • hormonal proteins
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15
Q

What are the features of a genetic code?

A
  • code is non overlapping
  • pieces of info consist of triplets
  • redundant: > 1 triplet for 1 amino acid
  • encoded info in dna is instructions to assemble polypeptide
  • info in DNA template strand includes start and stop instructions
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16
Q

What elements do proteins contain?

A

N, H, C, O, (S)

17
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Subunits of proteins.

18
Q

What makes an amino acid different from another?

A

Each amino acid has one molecule that varies from amino acid to amino acid. Its called the R group.

Biology 3 (10 decks)

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