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Biology-Nucleic Acids > Nucleic Acids-Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids-Transcription and Translation Flashcards

1
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Messenger RNA

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2
Q

When a polypeptide is required, what is converted into a molecule of mRNA?

A

The triplet code of it’s gene.

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3
Q

mRNA is like DNA in that it is a nucleic acid but what are the 4 differences?

A

-Single Stranded
-Contains Ribose
-Contains Uracil
-Easily Broken

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4
Q

Transcription is the first stage of what?

A

Protein Synthesis

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5
Q

What is the first stage of Transcription?

A

Helicase acts on a region of DNA to beak the hydrogen bonds between bases.

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6
Q

What is the second stage of Transcription?

A

RNA polymerase moves along one of the two DNA stands (template strands)

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7
Q

What is the third stage of Transcription?

A

RNA polymerase matches up complementary RNA nucleotides.

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8
Q

What is the fourth stage of Transcription?

A

C matches G
G matches C
U matches A
A matches T

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9
Q

What is the fifth stage of Transcription?

A

As the RNA nucleotides join together the pre-mRNA is formed.

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10
Q

What is the sixth stage of Transcription?

A

The DNA behind the RNA polymerase re-joins into a double helix.

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11
Q

What is the seventh stage of Transcription?

A

When the RNA polymerase reaches a ‘stop codon’ the chain is terminated and the pre-mRNA detaches.

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12
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Transfer RNA

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13
Q

What is the size of tRNA?

A

Small Molecule (~80 nucleotides)

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14
Q

How many strands and what is the shape of tRNA?

A

Single Stranded folded into a clover leaf shape with one slightly longer section.

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15
Q

What is the longer section attached to?

A

An amino acid.

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16
Q

What can each tRNA carry?

A

A different amino acid.

17
Q

What are the 3 bases at the opposite end of the tRNA called?

A

Anti-codon

18
Q

What does the anti-codon pair with?

A

The complementary codon on the mRNA

19
Q

What does each amino acid have?

A

A different anti-codon

20
Q

What is the first stage of Translation?

A

mRNA attaches the ribosomes at the start codon.

21
Q

What is the second stage of Translation?

A

tRNA with a complementary anti-codon attaches to the mRNA.

22
Q

What is the third stage of Translation?

A

This tRNA is attached to an amino acid.

23
Q

What is the fourth stage of Translation?

A

The ribosomes moves along the mRNA bringing in 2 tRNA molecules at any one time.

24
Q

What is the fifth stage of Translation?

A

An enzyme and ATP are used to join the amino acids with a peptide bond.

25
Q

What is the sixth stage of Translation?

A

The first tRNA is released and can collect another amino acid.

26
Q

What is the seventh stage of Translation?

A

The process is repeated until a ‘stop codon’ is reached.

27
Q

What is the eighth stage of Translation?

A

Many ribosomes can travel along the mRNA at the same time-polysome.

Biology-Nucleic Acids (4 decks)

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