Numbers and Operations

Question 1

cardinal number

Answer 1

says how much of something there are

Question 2

ordinal number

Answer 2

tells the position of something in a list

Question 3

base-10 number system

Answer 3

a system based on the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Question 4

place value

Answer 4

the value of a certain digit is determined by where it resides within a number

Question 5

in the number 527,612, what digit is in the thousands place?

Answer 5

7

Question 6

expanded form

Answer 6

a number written in such a way that the place value of each number is represented as part of a sum
example: 872 in expanded form would be 800+70+2

Question 7

scientific notation

Answer 7

a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10 multiplied by a power of 10

Question 8

order of operations

Answer 8

PEMDAS
Parentheses
Exponents
Multiplication/Division
Addition/Subtraction

Question 9

Commutative Property of Addition

Answer 9

changing the order of two numbers being added does not change their sum
a + b = b + a

Question 10

Commutative Property of Multiplication

Answer 10

changing the order of two numbers being multiplied does not change their product
a x b = b x a

Question 11

Associative Property of Addition

Answer 11

changing the grouping of the addends does not change their sum
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Question 12

Associative Property of Multiplication

Answer 12

changing the grouping of the factors does not change their product
a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c

Question 13

Additive Identity Property of 0

Answer 13

adding 0 to a number does not change the value of that number
a + 0 = a

Question 14

Multiplicative Identity Property of 1

Answer 14

multiplying a number by 1 does not change the value of that number
a x 1 = a

Question 15

Inverse Property of Addition

Answer 15

adding a number and its opposite results in a sum equal to 0
a + (-a) = 0

Question 16

Inverse Property of Multiplication

Answer 16

multiplying a number and its multiplicative inverse results in a product equal to 1

Question 17

Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition

Answer 17

multiplying a sum is the same as multiplying each addend by that number, then adding their products
a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c

Question 18

Distributive Property of Multiplication over Subtraction

Answer 18

multiplying a difference is the same as multiplying the minuend and subtrahend by that number, then subtracting their products
a x (b - c) = a x b - a x c

Question 19

unit fraction

Answer 19

a fraction with a numerator of 1.
examples: 1/2, 1/3, 1/7

Question 20

ratio

Answer 20

comparison of two numbers using a fraction, a colon, or the word “to”.
examples: four dogs for every 3 cats.
4 dogs : 3 cats
4 dogs/3 cats

Question 21

rate

Answer 21

when ratios has different units
example: miles per hour

Question 22

unit rate

Answer 22

a rate with a denominator of 1, usually use the word “per”
examples: 60 miles per hour, $3 per box, 22 students per teacher

Question 23

percent of change

Answer 23

Question 24

prime factorization

Answer 24

finding all the prime numbers that, when multiplied together, result in a composite number. commonly found using factor trees
example: 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

Question 25

greatest common factor

Answer 25

the largest number that divides into all numbers in a given set

Question 26

least common multiple

Answer 26

the smallest multiple that all numbers in a set have in common

Question 27

estimation

Answer 27

finding a rough calculation or approximation

Question 28

estimating with compatible numbers

Answer 28

estimating by rounding pairs of numbers that are easy to add, subtract, multiply, or divide example: 6.8 x 7.1 becomes 7 x 7, so the estimated value is 49.

Question 29

estimating by clustering

Answer 29

estimating sums or products when all the numbers are close to a single value example: 42 + 38 + 40 + 41 becomes 40 + 40 + 40 + 40, so the estimated value is 160

Question 30

front-end estimation

Answer 30

estimating by rounding to the greatest place value, or the number in front example: 412 + 58 + 1,780 would become 400 + 60 + 2,000, so the estimated value is 2,460.