nur 102 exam 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of how medications are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body
What are the four main processes of pharmacokinetics?
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What does absorption in pharmacokinetics refer to?
How the medication gets into the body
What does distribution in pharmacokinetics refer to?
Where the medication goes in the body
What does metabolism in pharmacokinetics refer to?
How the medication is broken down
What does excretion in pharmacokinetics refer to?
How the medication leaves the body
What is the therapeutic range?
The concentration of a drug in the plasma that produces the desired effect without toxicity
What are peak and trough levels in pharmacokinetics?
- Peak: highest concentration of drug in the bloodstream
- Trough: lowest concentration of drug in the bloodstream
Name two factors affecting pharmacokinetics.
- Age
- Body mass (weight)
What is a primary effect of medication?
The intended or desired effect of the medication
What are secondary effects of medication?
- Unintended effects (e.g., allergic reaction)
- Nontherapeutic effects (predictable, harmless, or harmful)
What are the components of a medication order?
- Client name
- Date and time
- Name of medication
- Dosage, time, and frequency of doses
- Route of administration
- Printed name of prescriber and signature
What are the three checks before administering medication?
- Before: Check label against the MAR
- After: Verify the label against the MAR
- At bedside: Check medication again
List the 6 rights of medication administration.
- Right dose
- Right drug
- Right time
- Right patient
- Right route
- Right documentation
What are the routes of medications?
- Oral
- Topical
- Local
- Parenteral (injections)
- Intradermal
- Transdermal
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
What are the types of joints?
- Ball and socket
- Condyloid
- Hinge
- Gliding
- Pivot
- Saddle
What are the types of muscles?
- Cardiac
- Smooth (visceral)
- Skeletal
What variables can lead to patient handling injuries?
- Uncoordinated lifts
- High exertion
- Awkward or static posture
- Manual lifting or transferring
- Repetitive movements
- Standing for long periods of time
How does exercise affect body systems?
- Increases muscle efficiency
- Increases coordination
- Reduces bone loss
- Increases nerve impulse transmission
What are the effects of immobility on body systems?
- Cardiovascular system
- Respiratory system
- Muscular system
- Metabolic system
- Gastrointestinal system
- Urinary system
- Skin
What are the classifications of bones by shape?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
What is an actual loss?
A loss that can be perceived by others, such as loss of a child, limb, money, or job
What is a perceived loss?
A loss felt by a person but intangible to others, such as loss of youth or financial independence
What is a maturational loss?
A loss experienced due to developmental changes, such as a child experiencing loss when a second child is born
