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ABSN > NUR 326 exam 1b > Flashcards

NUR 326 exam 1b Flashcards

(123 cards)

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1
Q

pneumocystis carini pneumonia

A

related to immune suppression (hiv, transplant)
yeast-like fungus

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2
Q

mycoplasma

A

walking pneumonia
mild pna (persistent cough, headache, earache)
organism is between virus and bacteria

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3
Q

legionella

A

gram negative
spreads via water systems (air conditioners, mists on produce, hot tubs)

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4
Q

aspergillus

A

fungal pna
walls of old buildings, reconstruction, stored grain, dead leaves, compost
affects lung tissue

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5
Q

pcv13

A

vaccine preventing pneumococcal pneumonia

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6
Q

ppsv23

A

vaccine preventing additional types of pna bacteria

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7
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

most common cause of gram + HAP
usually mrsa
usually enters through blood stream and travels to lungs

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8
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

most common cause of CAP
pneumococcal pneumonia
sputum usually brown or rusty

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9
Q

common gram - pna organisms

A

pseudomonas, aceinetobacter

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10
Q

macrocytic - normochromic

A

B12 and folate deficiency

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11
Q

microcytic - hypochromic

A

iron deficiency

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12
Q

normocytic - normochromic anemia

A

blood loss, sickle cell, aplastic

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13
Q

iron deficiency anemia lab

A

mcv decreased

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14
Q

B12 or folate deficiency anemia lab value

A

mcv increased

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15
Q

iron deficiency symptoms

A

mouth changes
spoon nails
pica

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16
Q

b12 deficiency anemia symptoms

A

neuropathy
ataxia (difficulty walking)
glossitis
dementia/psychosis

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17
Q

hemolytic anemia symptoms

A

low hemoglobin
increased reticulocyte count (immature rbcs)
mild jaundice

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18
Q

sickle cell anemia symptoms

A

swelling of hands and feet (from occluded blood vessels)
painful episodes

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19
Q

sickle cell crisis triggers

A

dehydration
stress
high altitudes
fever
extreme temperatures

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20
Q

sickle cell treatment

A

hydroxyurea (antimetabolite drug)

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21
Q

thalassemia symptoms

A

delayed growth
fatigue
dyspnea
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
bone deformities
jaundice

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22
Q

diphenhydramine class

A

sedating antihistamine

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23
Q

diphenhydramine indications

A

allergic reactions (mild, anaphylaxis)
motion sickness

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24
Q

diphenhydramine se

A

dry up body (constipation, dry mouth)
drowsiness / dizziness

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25
diphenhydramine nursing considerations
avoid driving or operating machinery
26
non-sedating antihistamines
loratadine fexofenadine cetirizine
27
non-sedating antihistamines indication
allergic rhinitis chronic idiopathic urticaria
28
antihistamine moa
bind to HI receptors and block histamine release mild cholinergic
29
sympathomimetics
phenylephrine pseudoephedrine
30
sympathomimetics moa
mimic sns activate a1-adrenergic receptors constricts nasal blood vessels
31
sympathomimetics indications
reduce nasal congestion
32
sympathomimetics se
cns stimulation (agitation, insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia)
33
sympathomimetics time limit
take for no more than 4 days (rebound congestion)
34
pseudoephedrine
potential for abuse
35
antitussives
dextromethorphan codeine benzoatate
36
antitussive moa
directly suppresses cough reflex in the brain
37
antitussive indications
chronic or acute cough
38
antitussive se
cns depression
39
antitussives nursing considerations
potential for abuse
40
guaifenesin class
expectorant
41
guaifenesin moa
reduces surface tension of secretions
42
guaifenesin indication
decrease mucus in colds or bronchitis
43
guaifenesin se
mild gi distress
44
guaifenesin nursing considerations
encourage hydration for secretion thinning
45
acetylcysteine class
mycolytics
46
acetylcysteine moa
decreases mucus viscosity
47
acetylcysteine indications
bronchopulmonary disease cystic fibrosis
48
acetylcysteine se
bronchospasm
49
short acting beta-adrenergic agonists
albuterol levalbuterol
50
beta-adrenergic agonists moa
mimic action of sns stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax and dilate airways
51
albuterol indication
rescue prevention of exercise induced asthma
52
beta-adrenergic agonists contraindication
uncontrolled HTN cardiac dysrhythmia high stroke risk
53
beta-adrenergic agonists se
hypertension / hypotension insomnia / restlessness cardiac stimulation
54
beta-adrenergic agonists nursing considerations
diminish effects of beta blockers increase blood sugar
55
why inhalers
minimize systemic effects
56
albuterol time dosed
inhaled every 4-6 hours
57
salmetrol time dosed
inhaled every 12 hours
58
salmetrol always given with
inhaled corticosteroid
59
salmetrol indication
prevention copd bronchospasm
60
long acting beta-adrenergic agonist
salmetrol formoterol
61
ipratroprium class
anticholinergic
62
ipratroprium moa
blocks action of acetylcholine causes bronchodilation
63
ipratroprium indication
copd prophylaxis
64
ipratroprium se
dry as a bone hot as a hare blind as a bat red as a beet mad as a hatter
65
xanthine derivatives
theophylline aminophylline
66
xanthine derivatives moa
inhibits phosphodiesterase increase cAMP stimulates cns
67
xanthine derivatives indication
2nd line treatment to prevent copd exacerbation
68
xanthine derivatives se
toxicity n/v, lack of appetite lots of contraindications
69
xanthine derivatives nursing considerations
narrow therapeutic index (monitor) avoid caffeine lots of drug interactions
70
leukotriene receptor agonist
montelukast zafirlukast
71
LTRA moa
prevent leukotrienes from attaching to immune cells in the lungs prevents inflammation
72
LTRA indication
prophylaxis and treatment of non emergent asthma
73
LTRA se
headache n/d dizziness
74
inhaled corticosteroids
beclomethasone diproprionate budesonide fluticasone
75
inhaled corticosteroids moa
reduce inflammation enhance beta agonist activity
76
inhaled corticosteroids indication
prevention of copd
77
inhaled corticosteroids se
pharyngeal irritation (rinse mouth)
78
inhaled corticosteroids nursing consideration
take bronchodilator 1st
79
cromolyn class
mast cell stabilizer
80
cromolyn moa
stabilize mast cell membranes prevent release of bronchorestrictive inflammation
81
cromolyn indicaiton
prevention of asthma attack (15 min before known trigger)
82
omalizumab class
monoclonal antibody anti asthmatic
83
omalizumab moa
limits release of mediators of allergic response
84
omalizumab se
anaphylaxis (monitor closely)
85
roflumilast class
pde-4 inhibitor
86
roflumilast moa
binds to pde-4 in lungs lows inflammation
87
roflumilast indication
prevents copd exacerbation
88
roflumilast se
n/v/d spasms/tremors
89
isoniazid moa
disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis
90
isoniazid indication
active tb
91
isoniazid se
peripheral neuropathy hepatotoxicity vision changes hyperglycemia
92
isoniazid bbw
risk of hepatitis
93
isoniazid nursing considerations
monitor liver enzymes avoid antacids
94
rifampin moa
attack hydrocarbon ring structure inhibiting protein synthesis
95
rifampin indication
myobacterial infections
96
rifampin se
hepatitis hematologic disorders re-brown body fluids
97
rifampin nursing considerations
lots of drug interactions tell HCP if on this
98
ethambutol moa
suppress rna and protein synthesis
99
ethambutol se
visual changes
100
ethambutol age
not for children under 13
101
pyrazinamide moa
unknown
102
pyrazinamide se
hepatotoxicity hyperuricemia
103
pyrazinamide contraindications
hepatic disease acute gout pregnancy
104
streptomycin moa
interfere with normal protein synthesis
105
streptomycin se
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity blood dyscraias
106
streptomycin nursing considerations
can increase bleeding with anticoagulants
107
oral iron supplement
ferrous sulfate
108
parenteral iron
iron dextran
109
iron therapy indications
iron deficient anemia blood loss
110
iron dextran bbw
allergic reaction (have epi ready)
111
iron therapy se
gi upset metallic taste stain teeth overdose in children dark stool
112
iron therapy drug interactions
decreased absorption with antacids increased absorption with vitamin c
113
iron therapy nursing consideration
best absorbed on empty stomach
114
deferoxamine
treats iron toxicity
115
cyanocobalamin moa
b12 replacement
116
cyanocobalamin indication
b12 anemia
117
epoetin alfa class
erythropoietin stimulating agent
118
epoetin alfa moa
stimulates erythropoietin increases hemoglobin and reticulocyte counts
119
epoetin alfa indication
anemia with chronic kidney disease
120
epoetin alfa se
polycythemia (hypertension / CV event) cancer progression
121
epoetin alfa contraindications
uncontrolled htn
122
epoetin alfa bbw
cv risk (stroke, mi)
123
epoetin alfa parameters
ONLY if hemoglobin <10 OR on dialysis monitor levels weekly so not above 11

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