NURS 116- Midterm

Question 1

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 1

the study of medicines
- Purpose:
*Cure
*Relieve symptoms
*Improve quality of life

Question 2

Before 20th century

Answer 2

• Nature-sourced remedies + its effectiveness is due to an “active ingridient”

Question 3

After 20th century:

Answer 3

• synthetic manufacturing of the active ingredients

Question 4

Examples of Natural Origins of Modern Drugs:

Answer 4

• *bark of the Willow tree-> contains salicin, which led to the development of Aspirin
• molds-> discovery of mold-based penicillin revolutionized antibiotics (Penicillin)
  -Digitalis plant-> used to extract digoxin
  digoxin-> medication for heart conditions
• bark of Pacific Yew tree-> contains paclitaxel –>cancer drug Taxol®
• poppy milk-> from the opium poppy
  Morphine-> pain relief

Question 5

*Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 5

Utilization of ‘medicines’ (drugs) to heal or manage patient care

Question 6

Administration Rights

Answer 6

Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Right reason**

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

knowledge of movement of the drug through the body
- ADME

Question 8

ADME?

Answer 8

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion

Question 9

Absorption

Answer 9

How the drug enters the bloodstream

Question 10

Distribution

Answer 10

How it spreads to different tissues

Question 11

Metabolism

Answer 11

How the body processes the drug (eg.) in the liver)

Question 12

Excretion

Answer 12

How the drug leave the body (eg.) through the kidneys)

Question 13

How drug affects the patient

Answer 13

Therapeutics Effect (drug working as intended)
Side effects (unwanted reactions)
Adverse effects (harmful reactions)

Question 14

3 Categories of Pharmcotherapeutics

Answer 14

• Drug Medication: a chemical agent. ie.) ibuprofen
• Biologic: naturally produced in living cells + cannot be given via PO ie.) immunoglobulins
• Natural Health Products: naturally occurring, used as an adjunct treatment. ie.) vitamins

Question 15

Health Canada

Answer 15

• Evaluate and monitors for safety and efficacy
• quality of advertising

Question 16

Canadian Pharmaceutical Association

Answer 16

• collaborates with Health Canada ( federal health regulatory agency) to meet regulatory standards.
• Health Canada is the one that approves*

Question 17

compendium of pharmaceuticals & specialities

Answer 17

compilation of drug information & all adverse effects reported
- gets updated regularly