NURS 310

Question 1

selective advantage

Answer 1

bacteria that contain resistance mechanisms can survive and multiply when exposed to antibiotics

Question 2

gene transfer

Answer 2

allows bacteria to share genes that cause antibiotics resistance

Question 3

cross-resistance

Answer 3

changes in bacteria which create resistance to one antibiotics may cause resistance to other antibiotics as well

Question 4

bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 4

tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides

Question 5

bactericidal antibiotics

Answer 5

pencilillins, sulphonamides, cephalosporins, aminoglycocide, fluoroquinolone

Question 6

beta-lectams MOA

Answer 6

penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit cell was synthesis and bactericidal

Question 7

antibiotic resistance for beta lactam

Answer 7

• alter porin cell walls
• beta lactamase enzyme (break C and N bond on Abx)
• change structure of transpeptidase (abx can’t bind (MRSA))
• efflux pump

Question 8

penicillins more effective against

Answer 8

gram negative and narrow spectrum

Question 9

penicillins treat

Answer 9

skin, chest, sept, UTI infections

Question 10

nursing considerations to penicillins

Answer 10

• look at allergies to penicillins (if they are real)
• assess therapeutic effects, AE,
• consider probiotics, -affected by food

Question 11

A/E for penicillins

Answer 11

seizures, nausea, vomitting, hyperkalemia

Question 12

common side effects for cephalosporins

Answer 12

allergy, rash, GI complaints

Question 13

severe side effects with cephalosporins

Answer 13

encephalopathy, bleeding disorders (vitamins K), tachycardia

Question 14

cephalosporins third generation

Answer 14

most active against gram negative, broad spectrum

Question 15

ceftriaxone (cephalosporin)

Answer 15

• long acting
• passes BBB
• IV or IM
• very protein bounded

Question 16

where is ceftriaxone metabolized

Answer 16

intestine

Question 17

where is ceftriazone contradicted

Answer 17

liver disease

Question 18

what does ceftriazone treat

Answer 18

acquired pneumonia, meningitis, UTI

Question 19

what cephalosporins can treat MRSA

Answer 19

ceftaroline

Question 20

macrolides (erythromycin) MOA

Answer 20

bacteriostatic, inhibits protein synthesis, can be bactericidal at high doses

Question 21

what are macrolides used for

Answer 21

whooping cough, strut, H. influenza, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia

Question 22

what antibiotic is used instead of penicillin (allergy)

Answer 22

macrolides

Question 23

side effects of macrolides

Answer 23

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sighing and buzzing in ears, Steve Johnsons syndrome

Question 24

tetracyclines MOA

Answer 24

bacteriostatic, inhibits prooien synthesis (30s)

Question 25

aminoglycocides MOA

Answer 25

bactericidal inhibit protein synthesis