Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS 330 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Normal heart rate

A

60-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal respiration rate

A

12-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal temperature

A

36.5-37.5 (varies with age)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal oxygen saturation

A

Sp02 greater than 95$

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Early signs of hypoxia

A
  • Anxiety, irritability, confusion
  • lethargy
  • Dyspnea when moving
  • increased RR
  • mild WOB
  • increased HR
  • Diaphoresis
  • SpO2 slight lower and PO2 lowering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Late signs of hypoxia

A
  • Lethargy
  • combativeness
  • dyspnea at rest
  • pause to breath when talking
  • severe (moderate) WOB
  • hypotension, cyanosis, cool/clammy skin
  • diaphoresis
  • Sp02 below 90% and P02 below 60mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) knows that hypoxia may occur in patients with respiratory problems. What are some mild signs of hypoxia?

A

Lethargy, dyspnea on exertion, Sa02 of 93%, mild WOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nurse is caring for a patient with asthma. Which method should the nurse use to determine the patients oxygen saturation?

A

Least mild way - pulse oximetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath regardless of the position (respiratory and cardiac disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Orthopnea happens when

A

Breathlessness sensation when laying down - relieved by sitting or standing (COPD and heart failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea

A

Wakes patient from sleep (heart failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Subjective data during head to toe respiratory assessment

A

Background info on respiratory diseases, shortness of breaths, productive cough, what ever else the patient may say

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Head to toe respiratory assessment (objective data)

A
  • using oxygen (is it working?)
  • work of breathing
  • symmetrical chest rise
  • listening to breath sounds
  • sputum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening through stethoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fine crackles (BS)

A

Passing through small air passages and alveoli
- end of inspiration
- hair rolled between fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Medium coarse crackles

A

I’m bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea
- like hair crackles by louder and at early to mid inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Wheezes (rhonchi)

A

Passing through small airways by secretions, swelling, tumors (common with asthma)
- continuous (expiration)
- high pitched, musical, wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stridor

A

Partially obstructed trachea
- crowing sound
- during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Decreased air entry

A

Collapsed alveoli
- decreased to no sounds of air (very quiet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue skin
- not enough circulating oxygen
- late sign of Dyspnea and hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clubbing

A

Thinking of nail bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How should a normal chest x-ray look

A

Dense materials (heart, bones) are white and lungs (air filled) should appear black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Non invasive
- measures Sp02 (oxygen saturation) in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Measures oxygen (P02) and carbon dioxide (PC02) in the blood and tests acidity pH More invasive
26
Nursing care for patient with respiratory illness
POSITION PROPERLY - teach breathing techniques - effective coughing - manage fluids - meds - oxygen - activities of daily living - explore lifestyle and activities adaptations to increase quality of life
27
Flowers position
Help facilitate ventilation by pulling diaphragm down (gravity helps pull air into lungs)
28
Tripod position
Helps diaphragm move downwards to increase volume to pull air into lungs (lay sideways in bed or stand with hands on knees)
29
What are controlled breathing techniques
Pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, breathing focus
30
Pursed lip breathing
Slows breathing, increase peep to open alveoli, breath in through nose (2) and out through puckered lips (4)
31
Diaphragmatic breathing
Expanding abdomen when breath in and inhaling big
32
ICOUGH
- incentive spirometer exercise - cough and breath deep - oral care - understand icough practices - get out of bed and move - head of bed elevated
33
What areas do respiratory diseases effect
Airways and lungs
34
What are the 2 types of chronic respiratory diseases
Restrictive and obstructive respiratory disease
35
Restrictive respiratory disease
Reduces volume of air lungs can hold, lose elasticity and ability to expand (pneumonia)
36
Obstructive respiratory disease
Blocked/narrowed airways that are difficult to do gas exchange (asthma and COPD)
37
What is the number one cause of chronic respiratory disease
Smoking
38
Breathless scale
Grade 0: strenuous exercise - 1: SOB when walking up hill (hurrying) - 2: walks slower, makes stops to catch breath - 3: stops after 100m or few mins - 4: too breathless to leave house, dressing
39
What is pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung tissue and alveoli (gas exchange)
40
Infectious pneumonia
Caused by bacteria (fungus, Viral) - walking pneumonia (mild)
41
Non-infectious pneumonia (aspiration)
Swallowed foreign substance - people at risk have (decreases LOC, dysphasia, NG tube
42
What is the inflammatory process of pneumonia
Fluid goes into tissues and fluid blood goes in after to try and fight off the infection creating a wet/warm environment for bacteria to grow
43
Opportunist pneumonia
Lowered immune system - HIV, chemotherapy, long-term corticosteroid use
44
Hospital acquired pneumonia
48hrs after admission - most lethal, immunocompromised
45
Causes of pneumonia
- Congestion (fluid in lungs) COPD, Cancer, smoking - low white blood cells (can’t fight infenction) - microphages and microcilia damaged and can’t remove foreign objects
46
Risk factors of pneumonia
- weak cough (ineffective) - aspiration - feeding tubes - meds slowing breathing
47
Phase 1 of pneumonia
- congestion days 1-2 - inflammatory response (fluid fills alveoli) - cough
48
Phase 2 of pneumonia
- Red hepatization - 3-4days - lungs red and firm (high blood levels) - influx of neutrophils
49
Phase 3 of pneumonia
- gray hepatization - 5-7 days - RBC broken down and blood flow decreases (gray color)
50
Phase 4 of pneumonia
- Resolution - day 8-4weeks - exudate digested and destroyed by microphages or coughed up
51
Signs and symptoms of pneumonia (assessment)
- varies from cause - fever, fatigue, exercise intolerance, cough (dry to congested), chest wall pain, tachypnea (altered Sp02), complains of SOB, increased WOB, crackles or diminished air sounds (only in certain areas)
52
Diagnostic to pneumonia
- chest x-ray (needed) - CBC blood test, WBC count (high with infection), neutrophils (elevated with infection), Sp02 decrease, get sputum sample if productive
53
Nursing interventions with pneumonia
- monitor - raise head of bed - balance activity with periods of rest - high calorie and high protein - 2-3L water - ICOUGH protocol
54
Patient education (pneumonia)
- watch for symptoms - prevention (less smoking, healthy diet and exercise, hydration
55
Complications to watch for with pneumonia
- respiratory failure - sepsis (infection in blood stream) - pleural effusion
56
What is pleural effusion
Fluid in between parietal and visceral pleura limiting lung capacity (lungs can collapse)
57
What is asthma
Inflammatory chronic condition that causes airway obstructions
58
What are the 2 ways airways can be obstructed with asthma
Inflammation and bronchoconstriction
59
Inflammation constriction in asthma obstructs where?
Interior of airway
60
Bronchoconstriction obstructs what airway with asthma
Exterior - internal membranes swell - outside muscles are less effected - narrowing bronchi and bronchioles - can be caused by PNS activation.
61
Common asthma triggers
Allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, inhaled irritants, emotional stress

NURS 330 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions