NURS200 CH 22 ETHICS AND VALUES

Question 1

•Ethics

Answer 1

–The study of conduct and character. It is concerned with determining what is good or valuable for individuals and society at large.

Question 2

•Values

Answer 2

–Personal beliefs about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that set standards that influence behavior.

Question 3

Autonomy

Answer 3

Commitment to include patients in decisions

Question 4

Beneficence

Answer 4

Taking positive actions to help others

Question 5

Nonmaleficence

Answer 5

Avoidance of harm or hurt

Question 6

Justice

Answer 6

Being fair

Question 7

Fidelity

Answer 7

Agreement to keep promises

Question 8

Ethics and Philosophy

Answer 8

Question 9

How to Process an Ethical Dilemma

Answer 9

• Step 1: Ask if this is an ethical dilemma.
• Step 2: Gather all relevant information.
• Step 3: Clarify values.
• Step 4: Verbalize the problem.
• Step 5: Identify possible courses of action.
• Step 6: Negotiate a plan.
• Step 7: Evaluate the plan.

Question 10

Ethics and Access to Care

Answer 10

• The number of uninsured in the United States grew from 39 million people in 2000 to more than 46.3 million people by 2008—more than 15% of the total population.
• Many of the uninsured are women and children.
• Although two thirds of the uninsured are poor, nearly 80% come from working families.

Question 11

Moral distress describes the anguish experienced when a person feels unable to act according to closely held core values.

Answer 11

Because moral distress is a shared experience, efforts to alleviate distress are most successful when they are also shared.