Nursing Basics Flashcards
1
Q
what is health?
A
state of wellbeing and optimal function; interaction between person and their internal and external environment
2
Q
what influenced change in nursing’s “image”?
A
women’s roles, what is shown in media abt nut, education, nursing roles/esponsibilities, healthcare environment
3
Q
what is nursing?
A
CCD: caring, commitment, e dedication to cater to everyone’s health needs. socially responsible involved, and committed to everyone’s health
4
Q
what do nurses do?
A
PMR: promote, maintain, and restore health
5
Q
who do muses serve?
A
individuals, families, communities, population
6
Q
what percentage of nurses work in hospitals?
A
61% of nurses as of 2019
7
Q
when was nursing 1st documented?
A
150 years ago
8
Q
what grew nursing historically and why?
A
Christianity grew nursing by increasing public status–>smart, high-status people were encouraged to join.
The military also grew nursing because it recruited men into the field. Many nurses helped the Crusades
9
Q
who founded modern nursing?
A
Florence Nightingale
10
Q
what are Nightingales nursing missions?
A
sick nursing and health nursing
11
Q
what is “sick nursing”?
A
aiding patients utilize their own healing process to get better
12
Q
what is “health nursing”?
A
illness prevention
13
Q
Who founded the United States Army Nurse Corps?
A
Dorothea Dix
14
Q
Who was a pivotal nurse on Civil War battle feilds?
A
Clara Barton
15
Q
Who founded the American Red Cross?
A
Clara Barton
16
Q
How was nursing influenced by the Spanish American War?
A
the Volunteer Nurse Corps was established (Army Nurse Corps as of 1901)
17
Q
What discouraged university-based nursing education in the 20th century?
A
World War II nursing shortage. They needed lots of nurses fast for the war.
18
Q
What professional organizations are there for nursing?
A
American Nurses Association (ANA), National League for Nursing (NLN), and American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
19
Q
What was the first nursing journal owned, published, and operated by nurses?
A
American Journal of Nursing (AJN)
20
Q
What must today’s nurses do?
A
Be knowledgable, flexible, and innovative b/c of rapid change, diversity, and techonology
21
Q
what is socialization?
A
process of learning theory and skills and internalizing an ID associated with a specific role
22
Q
what are the levels of nursing skills?
A
novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert
23
Q
what is the main difference between novice and advanced beginner?
A
using abstract principles and then using real-life experiences
24
Q
what is the main difference between advance beginner and competent?
A
seeing situation in sections then seeing them as a whole concept
25
what is the main difference between proficient and expert?
previously observing the situation then is involved directly--usually 5-10 years after graduation
26
what is nursing according to Nightingale?
"the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery"
27
What is nursing according to the ANA?
"the protection, promotion, optimization, of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering, through the diagnosis and treatment of human response. and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations."
28
What are common themes in nursing definitions?
holism, caring, teaching, advocacy, and supporting, promoting, maintaining, and restoring health, creativity, sensitivity, and applications based on evidence.
29
What is practical nursing?
1-year programs where graduates gain technical skills to work under the supervision of RNs. Graduates must take the National Council Licensure Examination-Practical Nursing (NCLEX-PN) to practice as a licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurse.
30
Where are LPNs employed?
hospitals, long-term care facilities, and rehab centers
31
How do you become a registered nurse?
1) diploma 2) associates degree 3) baccalaureate degree
entry master's or doctorate degree
32
What did the Institute of Medicine recommend for nursing?
Practice to full extent of education and training
Get higher level of education and training from a improved system that encourages smooth educational advancement
Nurses are partners with all health professionals
Collect better data and info infrastructure to plan the workforce and policy better
33
What is diploma nursing?
first type of education available for RNs.
3-year program (usually students have prior college credit) with emphasis on clinical experience and qualify to take NCLEX-RN
Not as common now
34
What is associate degree nursing?
Originally made to promote nursing bc of a nursing shortage in the 50's
2-year program and qualify to take NCLEX-RN
35
What is Baccalaureate degree nursing?
BSN
full university education with liberal arts background and tools for all types of nursing practice and qualify to take NCLEX-RN
Emphasis on community health, research, leadership, and management
36
What are graduate entry programs?
For people with a Bachelor's in something other than nursing.
12-18 month accelerated program and qualifies you to take the NCLEX-RN. Then go into a masters of sience or doctoral nursing program.
Graduate with advance clinical skills and opportunity to specialize
37
What are standards of practice?
These help to ensure high-quality care and are criteria in legal questions to see if care was sufficient or not.
Outline the minimum level of professional behavior nurses are responsible for
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcomes
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
38
What are the ANA standards lists?
standards of practice
standards of professional performance
39
What is standards of professional performance?
Ehics
Culturally sensitive care
Communication (do so effectively in all areas)
Collabration (work with patients and stakeholders)
Leadership (do this in practice and profession)
Education
Evidence-based practice AND research
Quality of practice
Professional practice evaluation (TN evaluates their and others' practices)
Resources (use the proper resources to evidence-based care)
Environmental health (practice in environmentally safe manner)
40
What is the nurse practice act?
Defines the nurse scope of practice WITHIN THAT STATE
State board of nursing set requirements for licensure
41
When do nurses qualify to get the state licensure?
Qualify after pass the NCLEX-RN
42
How can a nurse get licensure in a different state?
via reciprocity
Nurse must meet the requirements outlined in the new state's nurse practice act. If so, they do not need to retake the NCLEX-RN
43
What does the Nurse Licensure Compact do?
allow nurses licensed in a compact state to practice in other compact states without getting a new license in that new state.
44
How many states are a part of the Nursing Licensure Compact?
27
9 are pending
45
What is the purpose of nursing program accreditation, and how many are there?
Shows that the nursing program meets the national standards of excellence on top of being approved by the state.
There are 3 accredited by the U.S. Department of Education
46
What is CNEA?
The Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation
A branch of the NLN
Accredidates practical nursing programs, associate degree, diploa, baccalaureate, master's and doctoral nursing programs
47
What is the CCNE?
The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education
established by the AACN, but ran independently
accredidates through a nongovernmental peer review process based on national standards for baccalaureate and higher education programs
48
What is ACEN?
The Acceditation Commission for Education in Nursing
accredits all levels of nursing education
49
Can a program be accredited by more than one organization?
Yes
50
What is ANA?
The American Nurses Association
Membership for RNs
set standards of practice for nurses and decides functions, activities, and goals for the profession
51
What is Sigma or Sigma Theta Tau International?
An honor society of nursing, name means love, courage, and honor
Membership by invitation only to students that have excellent scholarship or nurses who have excellent leadership
52
What is NSNA?
the National Organization for Nursing Students
Student financed and ran
53
What are nurse-prescribed interventions?
Things that can be initiated and done by a nurse independently
e.g. turning patients every 2 hours
54
What are physician-prescribed interventions?
Things that a physician delegates to a nurse
nurse has to use their own judgement in these collaborative problems
e.g. physician prescribes meds while nurses must judge if it is proper to give, look for side effects, and teach the patients about the meds
55
What are professional nurses?
independed and they have the responsibility of
Caregiver
Patient advocate and educator
Decision-maker
Managers and coordinators of healthcare needs
Commmunicators
56
What are the nurses' responsibilities as a caregiver?
Help patients promote, restore, and maintain health and wellness on physicall, spiritual, emotional, and social level.
The methods of acheiving these goals should be safe, effective, and cost efficient
57
What are the nurses' responsibilities as a patient advocate?
voice the needs and concerns of patients by protecting them and ensurring their legal rights
make sure patients understand their treatments
They must understand their patients' health issues, histories, and possible future problems on a deep level to achieve this properly
58
What are the nurses' responsibilities as an educator?
This is related to helath promotion and disease prevention.
Educate patients on diseases, their prevention, nutrition, and healthy behaviors
Also explaining procedures and treatments, answering questions, and evaluate patient progress
59
What are the nurses' responsibilities as a decision-maker?
Identify preliminary barriers or challanges to promote, resotre, and maintain health
Decide how to overcome said barriers and challenges to the core reponsibilities of nursing and patient care
Help patients/their families/health providers be active in their health decisions and make safe and effective judgments.
60
What are the nurses' responsibilities as a manager and coordinator?
Nurses must coordinate all activities or treatments that involve the patient
The goal is the finish patient care effectively, efficiently, and in a way that the patient benefits overall
61
What are the nurses' responsibilities as a communicator?
THIS IS THE CENTRAL ROLE
Nurses spend the most time with patients, so they need to observe and communicate to ID problems or room for improvement in care plans.
Communicate findings in oral and written form.
62
What is QSEN?
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.
It outlines major quality and safety competencies for nurses
63
What are the important competencies in the QSEN?
Patient-centered care
Teamwork
Collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics
64
What is a conceptual framework?
concepts and propositions that relate individuals, groups, situations, and events
65
What are the central concepts in nursing?
Person
Environment
Health
Nursing
66
What does the nursing concept of person mean and include?
all humans; they recieving nursing care
Individuals, families, communities, and groups are all apart of this concept
67
What does the nursing concept of environment include?
things that affect people on the inside and outside
68
What is the nursing theory?
the basis for nursing knowledge, pushing the path for nursing practice by establishing a relationship between the four central concepts
69
What is the general systems theory?
Examining each part of the "whole" and see how they relate to one another
Purpose
Content
Process
70
What is assumed in general systems theory?
All systems must be goal directed
A system is more than the sum of its parts
A system is always changing; a single change will change the whole
Boundaries are implicit and human systems are open and dynamic
71
What are human needs?
physiologic or psychological factors essential for a healthy existence
72
Define Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
A theory that says humans have innate, instinctive needs, cattetegorized and arrange in order of inmortance
73
What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs (by rank)?
Self-Actualization
Esteem Needs
Love Needs
Safety Needs
Physiologic Needs
74
What is self-actualization?
Constant innate need to fulfill one's potential
75
How are human needs and Maslow's theory used in nursing?
Used to develop ursing modles and ramworks to provide holistic care
76
What are reactions to change rooted in?
self-esteem, safety, and security
77
What is change theory?
Formed by Kurt Lewin
Recognizing what needs to be changed
Analyzing a situation to see what forces change or maintiain the situation
ID methods of change
Regocnizing the influence of goup ways or customs on change
ID ways the reference groups initiates change
The process of change
78
What are the stages of change according to Lewin?
ungreezing
movement
refreezing
79
What is unfreezing?
when someone recognizes that something needs to change
80
What is movement in the change theory?
when behaviors start to change for the better
81
What is refreezing?
When the behavior or pattern is established long-term
82
What is a functional approach in nursing?
Observing how the patient reacts to their diagnosis
encourages holistic practice and looks beyond one aspect of the patient's life
83
What happened to nursing as a result of changes in the healthcare industry?
Scope of practice for nurses broadened; no longer only giving meds in hospitals, techonology increases our options in healthcare and healthcare costs
