Values, Ethics, and Legal Issues

Question 1

What is a dilemma?

Answer 1

when someone has to choose between 2 morally incompatible and similarly weighed obligations

a catch 22

Question 2

What is moral courage?

Answer 2

overcome fear and stand up for patient’s rights

Allows for ethical and legal patient care

Question 3

What is moral failure?

Answer 3

when one regrets, feels lost; guilty; or powerless because the resolution is not quickly determined or there is no resolution

Question 4

What are values?

Answer 4

LEARNED implicit and explicit mental maps for decision making that a present for a long period in someone’s life

We use these to distinguish right from wrong

Question 5

What is a value system?

Answer 5

a learned set of rules and principles

This is how we prioritize values

Question 6

What should we do when value systems are not the same?

Answer 6

Recognize our own values and the patient’s values.

Question 7

What is an attitude?

Answer 7

A person’s disposition toward something or a situation

Question 8

What is a belief?

Answer 8

an idea that someone accepts as true

Question 9

What are behaviors?

Answer 9

actions that can be perceived or observed

They indicate a person’s value priorities

Question 10

What affects how values change, are accepted or let go?

Answer 10

culture, society, one’s age and stage of development

Question 11

What is a worldview?

Answer 11

unquestioned framework or predominant set of assumptions on how people view life

This guides actions

Question 12

What influences socialization?

Answer 12

family, school, religion, work, and service

Question 13

What is morality?

Answer 13

principles of conscienceand that rules are cooperative agreements that can be modified

Question 14

When does someone start to act more upon their own principles (peer pressure not as effective)

Answer 14

late adolescence

Question 15

How do religions influence values?

Answer 15

teach faith-based principles and ritualize values through activities

Question 16

What are value clarification methods?

Answer 16

ways to help providers and patients to find out what is important when there is a decision to make and a need or prioritize

Question 17

What are some examples of value clarification methods?

Answer 17

pros and cons list, ranking sheet

Examine past situations and decisions
Reflect on current options and future decisions
Explore how they spend their time by naming things they do in a typical 24 hour day

Question 18

What are the assumptions in a value clarification process?

Answer 18

the people a part of the process must feel safe enough to openly reveal their values
the people must have the ability to not need to agree or disagree with others in the discussion
there needs to be enough time to think about the values in question and time to identify your values

Question 19

What is values inquiry?

Answer 19

a way to analyze social issues and the values that drive human choices

Question 20

What questions are good to ask to understand someone’s values?

Answer 20

what are the claims from the viewpoint of the patient? What are the facts from the viewpoint of the nurse? What are the claims from the viewpoint of the family?
What values are represented in each of the viewpoints of the claim statements?
What is the cultural worldview and orientation system that helps to define each claim as important?
What are the possible solutions from the point of view of the patient, family, and nurse?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each possible solution?

Question 21

What are common issues when resolving value conflicts?

Answer 21

perception of conflict
meaning of resolution
values underlying the resolution process

Question 22

What are institutional policies?

Answer 22

guidelines developed by organizations or agencies to direct professional practice

Question 23

What is ethics?

Answer 23

a type of philosophy, concentrating on morality

Question 24

What does morality look at?

Answer 24

intentions and actions that are viewed as good or right compared to actions seen as bad or wrong

Question 25

What is morality?

Answer 25

set of beliefs about what is right and wrong to determine the correct or acceptable action in a moment

Question 26

What are personal values?

Answer 26

beliefs a person feels are very important. these are learned through socialization

Question 27

What are professional ethics?

Answer 27

values of disciplinary groups

Question 28

What is the Code of Ethics for Nurses?

Answer 28

a professional guideline for nursing conduct and responsibilities created by the ANA (in the US)

Question 29

What is the ICN?

Answer 29

International Council of Nurses They published a code of ethics for nurses, which is recognized as relevant in several countries

Question 30

Explain the Code of Ethics for Nurses by the ANA?

Answer 30

Compassion and respect Commitment to the patient Protects the patient's rights and advocates for their patient Accountable and responsible for nursing practice Promote health and safety, holism, and stay professionally competent Establish, maintain, and improve an ethical environment Research and inquire scholarly to advance the field Collaborate with health professionals to protect human rights, promote health, diplomacy and reduce health disparities Integrity and social justice

Question 31

What is autonomy?

Answer 31

creating an environment to allow patients to make their own medical decisions considering their own values and circumstances

Question 32

What is a living will?

Answer 32

advanced directive that outlines the specific types of medical treatment patients are okay and not oaky with recieving

Question 33

What is a proxy directive or durable power of attorney for healthcare?

Answer 33

advanced directive that names a person to make decisions if they are unable to make decisions by themselves

Question 34

What is beneficence?

Answer 34

promoting good to help people

Question 35

Wht is nonmaleficence?

Answer 35

avoid doing, prevent, and remove from harm

Question 36

What is justice?

Answer 36

making decisions about distributing resources for societies or groups

Question 37

What is the AHA?

Answer 37

American Hospital Association created a brochure outlining patient rights, ethical values, and legal rules. They emphasize veracity, fidelity, privacy, and confidentiality

Question 38

What is veracity?

Answer 38

telling the truth

Question 39

What is fidelity?

Answer 39

keeping your promises

Question 40

What is privacy?

Answer 40

use patient information correctly and cover a patient's body when able to

Question 41

What is confidentiality?

Answer 41

keep patient information private

Question 42

How do you resolve ethical dilemmas?

Answer 42

Validate feelings Analyze case Identify potential outcomes Identify short-mand long-term goals Clarify accountabilities according to plan Follow through with the established plan Resolve reactions Evaluate impact

Question 43

What are organizational ethics committees?

Answer 43

groups of ethical consultants that evaluate and address ethical problems at a healthcare facility. can help be an ethical consult in some cases REQUIRED BY THE JOINT COMMISSION

Question 44

What are laws?

Answer 44

rules or standards of human conduct that protect citizens' rights and created by legislative bodies and interpreted in courts.

Question 45

What are the sources of law?

Answer 45

legislative satutes constitutions common law

Question 46

What are constitutions?

Answer 46

foundations of the systems of justice

Question 47

What are legislative statues?

Answer 47

law from a legislative body

Question 48

What is common law?

Answer 48

changes based on court decisions; these cannot be supported only by statutory constitutional law

Question 49

What are the categories of law?

Answer 49

criminal or civil

Question 50

What is civil law?

Answer 50

private law that looks at relationships among private individuals

Question 51

What are the types of civil law?

Answer 51

contract law and tort law

Question 52

What is criminal law?

Answer 52

public law that looks at public safety and welfare

Question 53

What are the types of criminal law?

Answer 53

felonies and misdemeanors

Question 54

What is licensure?

Answer 54

legal ability to practice a profession

Question 55

What are generally outlined in nurse practice acts?

Answer 55

GENERALLY concern scope and expectations of practice, how nursing is governed, and outline of nursing education requirements

Question 56

When is there liability for licensing for nurses?

Answer 56

sub standard care = malpractice drug diversion or drug abuse sexual contact with patients (especially in psych)

Question 57

What are the standards of care?

Answer 57

expected level of performance or practice outlined by authority or customs

Question 58

What is a tort?

Answer 58

unintentional or intentional private wrong doing that the law can rectify

Question 59

What can happen when a tort is committed?

Answer 59

can go to civil court compensate for damages

Question 60

What is a crime?

Answer 60

a wrong punishable by the state