Nursing Care

Question 1

Fluid therapy 01
The veterinary surgeon decides that a patient requires administration of intravenous crystalloid fluids, over a period of x hours.
Set up an infusion using the fluid and giving set provided.
For this patient you are required to calculate:
A. The total daily maintenance
B. ML per hour
C. The fluid administration rate (drops per minute or frequency of drops)
show all your working including units
Maintenance rate calculations: xml/kg/day
Drip factor: x drops/ml

Answer 1

1. Remove administration set from packaging
2. Turn off regulator
3. Hand fluid bag on drip stand
4. Remove protective tag from the administration port
5. Insert administration set into fluid bag using an aseptic technique
6. Squeeze chamber approximately a 1/3 to 3/4 full
7. Release regulator to fill drip line
8. Turn off regulator
9. No significant air bubbles left within the drip line
10. Minimal wastage of fluid
11. Aseptic technique maintained
12. Daily maintenance requirement calculation correct
13. ML per hour calculation correct
14. Fluid administration rate correct (drops/min or frequency of drops)
15. Correct units of measurement used for final answer

Question 2

IM injection 03
A young Labrador has had a fracture repair to his left fore leg. He is to be administered [generic name] as [trade name].
Ruins the dose rate x ml/kg:
A. Calculate the correct dose of [generic name] to be given to this patient
B. Prepare an appropriate needle and syringe and draw up the correct dose of [generic name]. The examiner will indicate where you need to place the syringe in order for it to be checked.
C. Using the prepared syringe, administer the injection into the quadriceps muscle. Record the administration of the medication on the hospital chart provided.
Show all you working including units

Answer 2

1. Using an appropriate methodology, correctly calculate the dose
2. Correct units of measurement used for final answer
3. Select correct [trade name] vial
4. Check expiry date and date of first opening
5. Select appropriate syringe
6. Select appropriate gauge needle
7. Select spirit and swab/cotton wool
8. Assemble syringe and needle using an aseptic technique
9. Shake the vial to mic contents
10. Swab top of vial
11. Introduce needle to vial using an aseptic technique
12. Draw back correct volume of drug required
13. Withdraw needle from vial
14. Change needle and dispose of appropriately
15. Needle either not resheathed or resheathed using safe technique (for instruction B)
16. Ensure dog is restrained effectively
17. Select the appropriate injection site
18. Stabilise injection site with one hand and introduce the needle at right angles to the skin
19. Draw back slightly on plunger to check for venepuncture
20. Inject drug slowly
21. Withdraw needle form the patient
22. Massage injection site gently
23. Dispose of used needled in medicinal sharps bin
24. Dispose of syringe in appropriate container
25. Needle not resheathed (for instruction C)
26. Record administration of medication fully on hospital chart
27. Demonstrate safe, effective and aseptic get technique

Question 3

Subcut injection 04
Bobby is a young Labrador who has had a traumatic wound to his face derided and sutured. He is to have antibiotic cover of (generic name) as (trade name).
A. Using the dose rate x mg/kg, calculate the correct dose of (generic name) to be given to this patient.
B. Prepare an appropriate needle and syringe and draw up the correct dose of (trade name). The examiner will indicate where you need to place syringe in order for it to the checked
C. Using the prepared syringe, administer the injection subcutaneously. .record the administration of the medication on the hospital chart provided.
Show all you workings including units

Answer 3

1. Using an appropriate methodology, correctly calculate the dose
2. Correct units os measurement used for final answer
3. Select correct (trade name) vial
4. Check expiry date and date of first opening
5. Select appropriate string
6. Select appropriate needle
7. Select spirit and swab/cotton wool
8. Assemble syringe and needle using an aseptic technique
9. swab top of vial
10. Shake vial to re-suspend the drug
11. Introduce needle to vial using an aseptic technique
12. Draw back correct volume of drug required
13. Withdraw needle from vial
14. Change needle safely and dispose of appropriately
15. Needle either not resheathed OR resheathed using safe technique (for instruction B)
16. Ensure dog is restrained effectively
17. Select the appropriate injection site
18. Pick up a skin fold with one hand and introduce the needle
19. Draw back slightly on plunger to check for venipuncture
20. Inject drug slowly
21. Withdraw needle from the patient
22. Massage injection site gently
23. Dispose of used needle(s) in medicinal sharps bin
24. Dispose of syringe in appropriate container
25. Needle not resheathed (for instruction C)
26. Record administration of medication fully on hospital chart
27. Demonstrate safe, effective and aseptic technique

Question 4

Abrasion Bandage 05
This patient has a small abrasion on the medial aspect of the left lower forelimb (as indicated by the simulated wound on the model).
The patient has been lucking the wound and the veterinary surgeon has requested that you dress the wound to protect it for three days.
Note: The patient has just been examined in the consult room and the wound has been cleaned. The patient has been transferred to the preparation area and is therefore fully conscious

Answer 4

1. Select wound dressing
2. Select a small amount of padding e.g cotton wool
3. Select synthetic padding bandage
4. Select conforming bandage
5. Select protective layer
6. Select and prepare (unwrap) materials and equipment prior to starting the bandage
7. Select scissors
8. place the patient in correct lateral recumbency with affected limb uppermost
9. Ask assistant to support the affected limb to facilitate bandaging
10. Wear gloves
11. Apply wound dressing with correct side facing wound
12. Dressing applied in an aseptic manner
13. Apply appropriate amount of padding between the toes (as far as is possible on the model)
14. Apply padding layer over the limb
15. Padding applied to include the foot
16. Padding applied to include the elbow
17. Apply conforming layer
18. Apply outer protective layer
19. Bandage material applied in correct order ensuring each rotation cover 1/2 - 2/3 of previous rotation
20. Bandaged from distal to proximal limb
21. Check suitable tension of bandage (i.e. not too loose or too tight)
22. Check bandage is neat (e.g. no pieces of padding showing)
23. Limb handled gently throughout
24. Bandage applied to correct limb
25. Finished bandage of correct tension (examiner check)

Question 5

Hindpaw bandage 06
This patient has just undergone surgery to suture as small cut to the plantar surface of the x hind paw.
The veterinary surgeon has asked you to apply a suitable dressing to the surgical repair (as indicate by the simulated wound on the model).
The patient is still anaesthetised and is being monitored

Answer 5

1. Select wound dressing
2. Select small amount of padding e.g. cotton wool
3. Select synthetic padding bandage
4. Select conforming bandage
5. Select protective layer
6. Select scissors
7. Select and prepare (unwrap) materials and equipment prior to starting the bandage
8. Place patient in correct lateral recumbency with affected limb uppermost
9. Ask assistant to support the affected limb to facilitate bandaging
10. Wear gloves
11. Apply wound dressing with correct side facing wound
12. Dressing is applied in ana aseptic manner
13. Apply appropriate amount of padding between the toes (as far as possible on the model)
14. Apply padding layer over the limb
15. Padding applied to include the foot
16. Padding applied to include the tarsal joint
17. Apply conforming bandage
18. Apply outer protective layer
19. Bandage from distal to proximal limb
20. Bandage material applied in correct order ensuring each rotation covers 1/2 - 2/3 of previous rotation
21. Check suitable tension of bandage (i.e. not too loose or too tight)
22. Check bandage is neat (e.g. no pieces of padding showing)
23. Limb handled gently throughout
24. Bandage applied to the x foot (x hind)
25. Finished bandage of correct tension (examiner check)

Question 6

Fracture support 07
This patient has been admitted to the hospital following a road traffic accident.
Radiography reveals a simple transverse fracture to the left radius and ulna. Surgery to repair the fracture is being performed the following day.
The veterinary surgeon has requested that you apply a splint and bandage as a first aid measure to immobilise the limb until then.
The patient is till anaesthetised following radiography and is being monitored.

Answer 6

1. Select small amount of padding e.g. cotton wool
2. Select synthetic padding bandage
3. Select conforming bandage
4. Select protective layer
5. Select and prepare (unwrap) materials and equipment prior to starting the bandage
6. Select scissors
7. Select appropriate size splint
8. Place the patient in correct lateral recumbency with affected limb uppermost
9. Ask assistant to support the affected limb to facilitate bandaging
10. Apply appropriate amount of padding between the toes (as far as possible on the model)
11. Apply padding layer over the limb
12. Padding applied to include the foot
13. Padding applied to include the elbow
14. Splint applied to the caudal aspect of the limb
15. Splint includes the elbow
16. Splint includes the carpus
17. Apply conforming bandage
18. Bandage from distal to proximal
19. Bandage material applied in correct order ensuring each rotation covers 1/2 - 2/3 of previous rotation
20. Apply outer protective layer
21. Check suitable tension of bandage (i.e. not too loose or too tight)
22. Check bandage is neat (e.g. no pieces of padding showing)
23. Limb handled gently throughout
24. Bandage applied to x limb
25. Finished bandage of correct tension (examiner check)

Question 7

Fracture support wound 08
This patient has been admitted to the hospital following a road traffic accident.
Radiography reveals a simple transverse fracture of the x radius and ulna. There is also a minor wound on the lateral aspect of the limb (as indicated by the simulated wound on the model). This has been cleaned and sutured. Surgery to repair the fracture is to be preformed the following day.
The veterinary surgeon has requested that you apply a dressing to the wound, together with a splint and bandage as a first aid measure to immobilise the limb until then.
The patient is still anaesthetised following radiography and is being monitored

Answer 7

1. Select wound dressing
2. Select small amount of padding e.g cotton wool
3. Select synthetic passing bandage
4. Select conforming bandage
5. Select protective layer
6. Select and prepare (unwrap) materials and equipment prior to starting the bandage
7. Select scissors
8. Select appropriate sized splint
9. Place patient in correct lateral recumbency with the affected limb uppermost
10. Ask assistant to support the affected limb to facilitate bandaging
11. Wear gloves
12. Apply wound dressing with correct side facing wound
13. Dressing is applied in an aseptic manner
14. Apply appropriate amount of padding between the toes (as far as is possible on the model)
15. Apply padding layer over the limb
16. Padding applied to include the foot
17. Padding applied to include the elbow
18. Splint applied to the caudal aspect of the limb
19. Splint includes the elbow
20. Splint includes the carpus
21. Apply conforming bandage
22. Bandage from distal to proximal limb
23. Bandage material applied in correct order ensuring each rotation covers 1/2 - 2/3 of previous rotation
24. Apply outer protective layer
25. Check suitable tension of bandage (i.e. not too loose or too tight)
26. Check bandage is near (e.g. not piece of padding showing)
27. Limb handled gently throughout
28. Bandage applied to correct limb
29. Finished bandage of correct tension (examiner check)

Question 8

Ear bandage 09
This patient had just undergone surgery to repair an ear tip injury to the x ear following a dog fight.
The veterinary surgeon has asked you to apply a suitable dressing to the surgical repair (as indicated by the simulated wound on the model) and bandage the ear following this surgery.
The patient is still anaesthetised and being monitored.

Answer 8

1. Select wound dressing
2. Select a small amount of padding e.g. cotton wool
3. Select synthetic padding bandage
4. Select conforming bandage
5. Select protective layer
6. Select scissors
7. Prepare (unwrap) materials and equipment prior to starting the bandage
8. Place patient in sternal recumbency
9. Ask assistant to hold the patients head up to facilitate bandaging
10. Wear gloves
11. Apply wound dressing with correct side facing wound
12. Dressing is applied in an aseptic manner
13. Apply padding to top of the head
14. Role affected ear up onto the ear
15. Cover ear with further padding
16. Apply layer of synthetic padding in a figure of eight pattern around the head with the unaffected ear exposed
17. Apply conforming bandage in figure of eight fashion
18. Apply outer protective layer in figure of eight fashion
19. Bandage material applied in the correct order
20. Unaffected ear is kept exposed at all stages
21. Check eyes are not covered by bandage
22. Check airway is not restricted
23. Mark the position of the ear using the marker pen
24. Check suitable tension of bandage (i.e. not too loose or too tight)
25. Check bandage is neat (e.g. no pieces of padding showing)
26. Bandage is applied to correct ear
27. Finished bandage of correct tension (examiner check)

Question 9

Forepaw bandage 10
This patient has just undergone surgery to suture a small cut to the palmer surface of the x fore paw.
The veterinary surgeon has asked you to apply a suitable dressing to the surgical repair (as indicated by the simulated wound on the model)
The patient is still anaesthetised and is being monitored

Answer 9

1. Select wound dressing
2. Select small amount of padding e.g cotton wool
3. Select synthetic padding bandage
4. Select conforming bandage
5. Select protective layer
6. Select scissors
7. Select and prepare (unwrap) materials and equipment prior to starting bandage
8. Place patient in correct lateral recumbency
9. Ask assistant to restrain patient to facilitate bandaging
10. Wear gloves
11. Apply wound dressing with correct side facing wound
12. Dressing applied in an aseptic manner
13. Apply appropriate amount of padding between the toes
14. Apply padding layer over the limb
15. Padding applied to include the foot
16. Padding applied to include the carpal joint
17. Apply conforming bandage
18. Apply outer protective layer
19. Bandage from distal to proximal limb
20. Bandage material applied in correct order ensuring each rotation cover 1/2 - 2/3 of previous rotation
21. Check suitable tension of bandage (i.e not too loose or too tight)
22. Check bandage is neat (e.g no piece of padding showing)
23. Limb handled gently throughout
24. bandage applied to correct foot
25. Finished bandage correct tension (examiner check)

Question 10

IM injection 2 11
A thoroughbred foal has a stake injury to his ventral chest. He is to have an antibiotic cover of Excenel injection 50mg/ml
A. Using the dose rate x mg/kg, calculate the correct dose of excenel to be given to this patient
B. Prepare an appropriate needle and syringe and draw up the correct dose of Excenel injection. The examiner will indicate where you need to place the syringe in order for it to be checked.
C. Using the prepared syringe, administer the injection into the pectoral muscle. Record administration of the medication on the hospital chart provided.
Show all your workings including units

Answer 10

1. Using an appropriate methodology calculate the correct dose of Excenel
2. Correct units of measurement given for final answer
3. Select Excenel vial
4. Check expiry date and date of first opening
5. Select appropriate syringe
6. Select appropriate gauge needle
7. Select spirit and swab/cotton wool
8. Assemble syringe and needle using and aseptic technique
9. Swab top of vial
10. Invert the vial to mic the drug
11. Introduce needle to vial using aseptic technique
12. Draw back correct volume of drug required
13. Withdraw needle from vial
14. Change needle and dispose of correctly
15. Needle either not resheathed or resheathed using safe technique (for instruction B)
16. Ensure foal is restrained effectively
17. Select and appropriate injection site
18. Introduce the needle at right angles to the skin
19. Draw back slightly on plunger to check for venepuncture
20. Inject drug slowly
21. Withdraw needle from the patient
22. Massage injection site gently
23. Dispose of used needle in the medicinal sharps bin
24. Dispose of syringe in appropriate contained
25. Needle not resheathed (for instruction c)
26. Record the administration of medication fully on hospital sheet
27. Demonstrate safe, effective and aseptic technique

Question 11

IM injection 3 12
Poppy, a Shetland pony foal, has a wire wound injury to her left hind limb. She is to have antibiotic cover of Depocillin injection 300mg/ml
A. Using the dose rate x mg/kg, calculate the correct dose of Depocillin to be given to this patient
B. Prepare an appropriate needle and syringe and draw up the correct dose of Depocillin injection
C. Using the prepared syring, administer the injection into the gluteal muscle. Record the administration of medication on the hospital chart provided.
Show all your workings including units

Answer 11

1. Using an appropriate methodology, correctly calculate the dose
2. Correct units of measurement given for final answer
3. Select correct Depocillin vial
4. Check expiry date and date of first opening
5. Select appropriate syringe
6. Select appropriate gauge needle
7. Select spirit and swab/cotton wool
8. Assemble syring and needle using an aseptic technique
9. Swab top of vial
10. Shake the vial to re-suspend the drug
11. Introduce needle to vial aseptically
12. Draw back correct volume of drug required
13. Withdraw needle from vial
14. Change needle and dispose of appropriately
15. Needle either not resheathed OR resheathed using safe technique (for instruction b)
16. Ensure foal is restrained effectively
17. Select an appropriate injection site
18. Introduce the needle at right angles to the skin
19. Draw back slightly on plunger to check for venepuncture
20. Inject drug slowly
21. Withdraw needle from the patient
22. Massage injection site gently
23. Dispose of used needle in the medicinal sharps bin
24. Dispose of syringe in appropriate container
25. Needle not resheathed (for instruction C)
26. Record administration of medication fully on hospital sheet
27. Demonstrate safe, effective and aseptic technique

Question 12

Tube feeding 16
This cat has been hospitalised following surgery to repair a fractured jaw. The veterinary surgeon requests that you provide its nutrition requirement via a naso-oesophageal (6fg) tube. The patient is being fed x meals a day.
Using the prepared diet indicated buy the examiner, you are required to:
A. Determine the volume of food required for each meal using the diet sheet provided.
B. Draw up the correct volume of food.
C. Demonstrate tube feeding using the prepared syringe provided by the examiner
D. Record this on the hospital chart provided
Show all you workings including units
Note: you have washed your hands

Answer 12

1. Determine volume of food required per day
2. Calculate the correct volume of food required per meal
3. Correct units of measurement used for final answer
4. Put on gloved
5. Select and assemble appropriate syringe(s) and needle to check latency and position of tube
6. Swab top of sterile water vial
7. Draw up appropriate volume of sterile water to check latency and position of tube
8. Dispose of needle in sharps bin without re-sheathing or needle re-sheathed safely
9. Select appropriate syringe for food administration
10. Draw up calculated volume of food
11. Ask assistant to restrain patient
12. Remove cap from naso-oesophageal tube
13. Check patently and position of tube
14. Administer food slowly
15. Flush tube with water
16. Replace cap
17. Check that the tube is clean
18. Complete hospital sheet with date, time and volume of food administered
19. Correct volume of food safely administered
20. Dispose of waste appropriately

Question 13

Urinary Catheter 17
This patient has been hospitalised as a paraplegic patient following a recent trauma. She has an indwelling catheter which was placed two hours ago.
She is clinically well and free from infection.
You are required to:
a. Carry out a routine check of the catheter and associated equipment (explain to the examiner the checks you are making)
b. Measure and inspect the quantity and visual characteristics of the urine produced, record this on the hospital chart
c. Calculate the expected volume of urine that this patient should produce over a 24 hour period.
Show all your workings including units

Answer 13

1. Remove all hand and wrist jewellery, roll sleeves up (candidates without jewellery or long sleeves awarded this step).
2. Nails well manicured, clean and unvarnished. False nails are not permitted
3. Apply 3-5 mls alcohol to palms (usually 1 pump)
4. Rub hands palm to palm (minimum 3 strokes
5. Rub right palm over the back of the left hand with interlaced fingers (minimum 3 strokes)
6. Rub left palm over the back of right hand with interlaced fingers (minimum 3 strokes)
7. palm to palm with interlaced fingers (minimum 3 strokes)
8. backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked (minimum 3 strokes)
9. Rotationally rub the left thumb clasped in the right palm (minimum 3 strokes)
10. Rotationally rub the right thumb clasped in the left palm (minimum 3 strokes)
11. Rotationally rub finger tips of right hand in left palm (minimum 3 strokes)
12. Rotationally rub finger tops of left hand in right palm (minimum 3 strokes)
13. air dry hands or ensure hands are dry before selecting equipment
14. Effective hand hygiene technique used (WHO Method)
15. Person protective equipment worn
16. check urinary catheter is in place
17. check catheter bag and connection intact with no leaks
18. open tap and empty the tine from the collection bag into measuring cylinder
19. close tap on bag
20. bag suspended below the level of the patients bladder
21. dispose of urine appropriately
22. remove glove and dispose of appropriately
23. safe practice: no contamination of equipment, patient or self
24. Urine output recorded on hospitalisation chart
25. Record the characteristics of the urine (small, colour and turbidity)
26. Using a recognised methodology, calculate the expected volume of urine for this patient
27. correct units of measurement used for final answer

Question 14

Dispensing medication 19
The veterinary surgeon has requested that you dispense (generic name) as (trade name) to a patient. The daily amount is to be divided into two doses.
Using the dose rate provided
a. calculate the correct dosage of medication required.
b. calculate the required number of tablets to be dispensed to this patient for a period of 7 days.
c. from the different dispensing labels provided, select the one which best meets RCVS labelling recommendations
d. complete the dispensing label with the following information:
i. quantity
ii. strength
iii. direction for use
e. prepare the medicine for supply to the owner
for the purposes of this examination, the examiner is prescribing veterinary surgeon
Show your calculation workings and final answer on the sheet provided

Answer 14

1. Select appropriate dispensing label for the patient
2. calculate correct dosage of medication required
3. calculate the correct quantity of tablets to be dispensed
4. complete the dispensing label with the information required
5. select correct strength medication for dispensing
6. select appropriate container
7. wear gloves
8. using a suitable method count the correct quantity of tablets to be dispensed
9. replace excess tablets into the correct pharmacy pot and secure tightly
10. place tablets into selected container
11. secure container
12. place dispensing label securely onto container
13. dispose of gloves appropriately
14. obtain authorisation from veterinary surgeon
15. regulation and legislation relating to the provision of medication complied with

Question 15

Restrain patient 20
You are required to good an equine inpatient prior to discharge
a. from the grooming equipment provided select seven items suitable for grooming the patient. Place these items in the grooming box provided
b. put the head collar on the horse and demonstrate to the examiner how the horse should be restrained for examination
c. finally you are requested to tie up the horse securely

Answer 15

1. Remove all visible jewellery
2. select the body brush
3. select metal curry comb
4. select rubber curry comb
5. select mane comb
6. select dandy brush
7. select hoof pick
8. select sponge
9. correct grooming items selected
10. select correct size and type of head collar
11. select the lead rope
12. attach the lead rope to the head collar
13. select hard hat and put it on correctly (suitable hairstyle to allow hat to fit
14. select and put on suitable gloves
15. place rope in right hand or over right arm or shoulder
16. approach horse from the front towards the left shoulder
17. place the rope around the horse neck
18. slip the nose band over the horses nose
19. lift the head piece and gently flip over the poll
20. catch the end of the strap and correctly fasten
21. correctly demonstrate how you would hold the horse for manual restraint using the head collar and lead rope
22. secure the horse to the breakable tie using a quick release knot
23. safe and effective use of head collar and restrain technique

Question 16

Intravenous injection 21
You have been requested to administer and intravenous bolus of (generic name) as (Trade name) xmg/ml through the IV line to this patient.
a. carry out a routine check of the catheter site and IV line to ensure that it is suitable for administration of medication (explain to the examiner the checks you are making).
b. Prepare an appropriate needle and syringe, draw up and administer the medication as detailed on the patient hospital chart
the examiner will check the syringe prior to you administering the medication
c. record the administration of medication on the hospital chart provided
d. leave the drip running at a rate of x drops every x seconds (x drops per minute)

Answer 16

1. Select correct medication
2. check expiry date and date of first opening
3. select an appropriate syringe
4. select an appropriate needle
5. select surgical spirit and swab/cotton wool
6. assemble syringe and needle using an aseptic technique
7. swab top of vial
8. introduce needle to vial using an aseptic technique
9. draw back correct volume of drug required
10. withdraw needle from vial
11. needle either not resheathed or resheathed using safe technique (pre-administration)
12. wear gloves
13. check that the IV line is patent
14. Check the IV site for inflammation or infiltration
15. Occlude the IV line
16. Clean/swab the injection port
17. using an aseptic technique introduce the needle into the centre of the port
18. administer drug slowly
19. remove syringe and needle from port
20. open drip line to run medication through
21. needle not resheathed after administration of medication
22. dispose of needle in medicinal sharps bin
23. dispose of syringe in appropriate container
24. set fluid administration rate as required
25. record administration of medication fully on hospital chart
26. demonstrate safe, effective and aseptic technique

Question 17

Administer IV fluids 22
A hospitalised patient required administration of intravenous crystalloid fluids
you are required to
a. set up an infusion using the fluid and giving set provided
b. prepare the catheter for use
c. administer the fluid to the patient at the required rate
Notes:
An intravenous Catheter with T-connector has already been place. you are not required to chance the patients IV catheter or bandage

Answer 17

1. Remove administration set from packaging
2. Turn off regulator
3. Hang fluid bag on drip stand
4. Remove protective tag from the administration port
5. Insert administration set into fluid bag using an aseptic technique
6. Squeeze chamber approximately 1/3 to 3/4 full
7. release regulator to fill drip line
8. close regulator
9. no significant air bubbles left within the drip line
10. minimal wastage of fluid
11. select Heparinised saline or saline solution
12. select suitable needle and syringe aseptically for administration of flush
13. prepare surgical spirit swabs
14. wear gloves
15. swab top of flush solution bottle
16. draw up appropriate quantity of heparinised saline
17. swab bung of t connector
18. flush catheter with heparinised saline via the t connector
19. using an aseptic technique attach fluid administration set
20. dispose of needle and syring appropriately, needle either not resheather or resheathed using safe technique
21. release regulator
22. set administration drip rate as detailed on the patient record
23. demonstrate safe, effective and aseptic technique