NURSING EDUCATION Flashcards by Tolentino, Marielle L.

 Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010
 The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
 IOM report
 Recommendations on how nursing could provide
better client care in new systems

HEALTH CARE REFORM

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 Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
 Six core competencies needed by nurses ( and health
professionals in general) to continuously improve the
quality standard of health care:
 Patient-centered care
 Teamwork and collaboration
 Evidence-based practice
 Quality improvement
 Safety
 Informatics

QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTH CARE

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Consumers more aware of others’ needs for care
 Minority groups, poor
 Changing public concepts of health
 Right of all people, not a privilege for the rich
 Active participants in making decisions about health and
nursing care

CONSUMER DEMANDS

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 Need for and provision of nursing services in context of
new structures
 Single parents rearing children
 Young families living far from own parents
 Adolescent mothers need specialized nursing services.

FAMILY STRUCTURE

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 Actions of new drug therapies, genetic technology
 Some nurses required to be highly specialized
 Space program technology adapted into health care aids

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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 Internet’s influence on health care
 Telehealth
 Medical information exchanged via electronic
communications to improve patient’s health status
* Telenursing
 Provide nursing practice at a distance
 No state boundaries
 Licensure issues

INFORMATION, TELEHEALTH & TELENURSING

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Medical information exchanged via electronic
communications to improve patient’s health status

TELEHEALTH

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Provide nursing practice at a distance

TELENURSING

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Licensure issues

NO STATE BOUNDARIES

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 Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
 Each patient’s rights to accept or refuse medical care,
use advance directives
 Wide variation in state regulation of nurse practitioner
practice
 NPs cannot easily move from state to state
 Consensus Model in 2008

LEGISLATION

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 Study of population
 Statistics about distribution by age, place of residence,
mortality, morbidity
 Total population in North America increasing
 Population shifting from rural to urban
 Many risk factors for death can be prevented.

DEMOGRAPHY

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 Projected to intensify as baby boomers age by 2022 *
Depends on location, setting
 Difficulty in declining U.S. economy
 New graduates not being interviewed at hospitals
 High turnover rate

THE CURRENT NURSING SHORTAGE

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 ANA participates on behalf of nurses through economic,
welfare programs
 Economic concerns
 Issues about safe care for clients, selves

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

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 Voluntary accreditation
 Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
 Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)
* American Nurses Association—Political Action Committee
 Organization to lobby for legislation affecting health

NURSING ASSOCIATIONS

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Organization to lobby for legislation affecting health

American Nurses Association—Political Action Committee

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 National professional organization for nursing in the
U.S. founded 1896
 Official journal American Nurse Today
 Official newspaper The American Nurse

AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION

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 Formed 1952
 Individuals and agencies
 Continuing education services

NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING

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 Established 1899
 National organizations working together for mission of
representing nursing worldwide

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES

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 Formed in 1953
 Student must be in state-approved nursing education
program to qualify

NATIONAL STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATION

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 Founded 1922
 Professional rather than social
 Potential members hold bachelor’s degree minimum,
demonstrate achievement in nursing

INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY: SIGMA THETA TAU

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Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding to his state of health, without any discrimination
and within the limits of the resources, manpower and competence

RIGHT TO APPROPRIATE MEDICAL CARE AND HUMANE TREATMENT

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The patient has a right to a clear, truthful and substantial explanation, in a manner and language understandable to the patient, of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side effects, problems related to recuperation, and probability of success and reasonable risks involved

RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT

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If a patient is a minor, consent shall be obtained from his

parents, or legal guardian

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The patient has the right to
avail himself/herself of any recommended diagnostic and treatment procedures

RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION

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The patient is entitled to a summary of his medical history and condition

RIGHT TO MEDICAL RECORDS

 The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and other persons and to receive visitors subject to  reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health care institution.

RIGHT TO CORRESPONDENCE AND TO RECEIVE VISITORS

 The patient has the right to express complaints and grievances about the care and services received

RIGHT TO EXPRESS GRIEVANCES

otherwise known as the Data privacy  Act is a law that seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal or sensitive  It is meant to cover both natural and judicial persons involved in the processing of personal information

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10173

Protects individuals from unauthorized processing of personal information that is: 1. Private , not publicly available 2. Identifiable, where the identity of the individual is apparent either through direct attribution or when put together with other available information

RA 10173 or the DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012

It ensures that the Philippines complies with international standards set for data protection through __

National Privacy Commission (NPC)

 Totality of services provided by all health disciplines  An organized plan of health services (Miller-Keane, 1987)

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

 Rendering health care services to the people. (William-Tungpalan, 1981)  The network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people.

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

is a complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services (Dizon, 1977)

PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

a health system comprises all organizations and resources devoted to producing actions whose primary intent is to improve health

HEALTH SYSTEM (TINIO, 2008)

THE FOUR ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF A HEALTH SYSTEM HAVE BEEN DEFINED AS:

1. Service provision 2. Resource generation 3. Financing 4. Stewardship

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM MODELS

* PRIVATE ENTERPRISE HEALTH CARE * SOCIAL SECURITY HEALTH MODEL * PUBLICLY FUNDED HEALTH CARE MODEL * SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE

WHO shall be responsible for the following: formulation and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards and manual of operations for health services and programs

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Is already driving the demand across all sectors of healthcare.

UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)

managed by Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC or PhilHealth) was institutionalized and signaled the movement towards a single-payer premium-based financing or insurance system.

NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM (NHIP)

system in the country is complex as it involves different layers of financial sources, regulatory bodies and health service providers

HEALTH FINANCING

include government hospitals, private hospitals and primary health care facilities  Hospitals are classified based on ownership as public or private hospitals

HEALTH FACILITIES

are the main drivers of the health care system and are essential for the efficient management and operation of the public health system. They are the health educators and providers of health services. The Philippines has a huge human reservoir for health. However, they are unevenly distributed in the country. Most are concentrated in urban areas such as Metro Manila and other cities

HEALTH HUMAN RESOURCE

Health promotion, illness prevention

PRIMARY PREVENTION

Diagnosis, treatment

SECONDARY PREVENTION

Rehabilitation, health restoration, palliative care

TERTIARY PREVENTION

 Healthy People 2020 goals  Increase quality and years of healthy life  Achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities  Create healthy environment for everyone  Promote health and quality life across the life span

PRIMARY PREVENTION

Hospitals  Emergency care  Intensive care  Around-the-clock care  Health promotion services  Early detection  Routine screening

SECONDARY PREVENTION

 Restoration to previous level of health or highest level possible, given current health status  Rehabilitation to function adequately in the physical, mental, social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives  Outreach programs for mental health illness  Palliative care  Providing comfort and treatment  End-of-life care conducted in many settings including the home

TERTIARY PREVENTION

Local health departments develop programs to meet the health needs of the people, providing necessary nursing and staff to carry out these programs, continue evaluating the effectiveness of the program, and monitoring changing needs

PUBLIC HEALTH

 Family practice physicians, specialists  Routine health screening, illness diagnosis, and treatment  NPs more common than RNs in this setting

PHYSICIAN'S OFFICE

 RN  Licensed vocational nurse (LVN)  Licensed practical nurse (LPN)

NURSE

Practices not commonly part of Western medicine

ALTERNATIVE (COMPLEMENTARY) CARE PROVIDER

Ensures fiscally sound, appropriate care in the best setting

CASE MANAGER

Mouth, jaw, and dental problems

DENTIST

has knowledge about diets required to maintain health, treat disease

DIETITIAN

has knowledge about nutrition and food; works in community.

NUTRITIONIST

Several categories of first-responder care, such as fire departments

EMERGENCY MEDICAL PERSONNEL

Assists clients with impaired functions to gain skills to perform ADLs

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST

 Laboratory  Radiologic  Nuclear medicine

PARAMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST

Prepares, dispenses pharmaceuticals in hospital and community settings

PHARMACIST

Assists clients with musculoskeletal problems

PHYSICAL THERAPIST

 Responsible for medical diagnosis, determining therapy  Primary care or specialists  Allopathic, osteopathic

PHYSICIAN

 Performs certain tasks under direction of physician  May have similar job description to NP

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT

 Diagnoses, treats food and ankle conditions

PODIATRIST

 Knowledgeable about oxygen therapy devices, accessory devices  Administers pulmonary function tests

RESPIRATORY THERAPIST

Counsels clients and support persons regarding finances, marital difficulties, adoption of children

SOCIAL WORKER

Chaplains, pastors, rabbis, priests, and other religious or spiritual advisers  Most volunteer

SPIRITUAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL

 Assumes delegated aspects of basic client care  Bathing, assisting with feeding, collecting specimens

UNLICENSED ASSISTIVE PERSONNEL (UAP)

 Long-tern illness are prevalent among this group, and they frequently require special housing, treatment services, financial support and social networks.  Older adults also need to feel they are part of the community even though they are approaching the end of their lives

INCREASING NUMBER OF OLDER ADULTS

Improved diagnostic procedures and sophisticated equipment permit early recognition of diseases that might otherwise might remain undetected.

ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY

Paying for health care services is becoming a greater problem.  The health care delivery system is very much affected by a country’s total economic status.  The amount for hospital expense has decreased, whereas outpatient and prescription cost doubled from 2007- 2011

ECONOMICS

issues focused on the reproductive health.  Current provision of health care shows an increased emphasis on the psychosocial aspect of women’s health, Including the impact of career, delayed childbearing, role of caregiver to older family members and extended lifespan

WOMEN'S HEALTH

 In some remote and rural locations, the number of health care personnel’s and services available to meet the needs of individuals is insufficient.  An increasing number of health care personnel provide specialized services

UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES

 Without insurance people receive less preventive care delay or avoid care and medications and diagnosed later in their illnesses and have higher mortality.  Lack of health insurance is related to income

ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE

Because of the conditions in which homeless people live (in shelters, on the streets, in parks, in tents under temporary covers and dwellings and transportation terminals), their health problems are often exacerbated and sometimes become chronic.  With ACA, states will have an opportunity to greatly improve health and health care for vulnerable populations across the country

THE HOMELESS AND THE POOR

One of the major alterations in how health care is practiced in this country may be attributed to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).

HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT

 Recognition of the cultural and ethnic diversity of the US is also increasing.  Health care professionals and agencies are aware of this diversity and are employing means to meet the challenges it presents.

DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES

NURSING EDUCATION Flashcards

(77 cards)