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FUNDA LEC (MIDTERMS) > Nursing Process: Asepsis and Infection Control #2 > Flashcards

Nursing Process: Asepsis and Infection Control #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Body Defenses against infection

A

Nonspecific Defenses
Specific Defenses
Antibody Mediated Defenses
Cell Mediated Defenses

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2
Q

Nonspecific Defenses: Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers

A

Nasal Passages
Lungs
Phagocytes
Oral Cavity
Saliva
Eye (by Tears)
Gi Tract (High acidity)
Large intestine (Resident flora)
Vagina (pH level of 3.5 - 4.5)
Urethra (Urine)

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3
Q

is a local and
nonspecific defensive response of the
tissues to an injurious or infectious
agent.

A

Inflammation

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4
Q

What are the non specific defences

A

-Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
-Inflammatory Response

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5
Q

Injurious agents can be categorized as

A

Physical agents
Chemical agents
Microorganisms

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6
Q

an agent that includes mechanical objects causing
trauma to tissues, excessive heat or cold, and
radiation

A

Physical agents

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7
Q

an agent that includes external irritants (e.g.,
strong acids, alkalis, poisons, and irritating gases)
and internal irritants (substances manufactured
within the body such as excessive hydrochloric acid
in the stomach)

A

Chemical agents

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8
Q

a agent that includes broad groups of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

A

Microorganisms

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9
Q

is produced, consisting
of fluid that escaped from the
blood vessels, dead phagocytic
cells, and dead tissue cells and
products that they release.

A

Exudate

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10
Q

What works together to form an interlacing network to wall off the area and prevent spread of injurious agent

A

Fibrinogen and Platelets

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11
Q

Suffix that describes inflammatory proces

A

itis

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12
Q

involves the repair of injured
tissues by regeneration or
replacement with fibrous
tissue (scar) formation

A

Reparative
Phase

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13
Q

is the
replacement of destroyed
tissue cells by cells that are
identical or similar in
structure and function.

A

Regeneration

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14
Q

What system does specific defense of the body involve

A

Immune system

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15
Q

is a substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness

A

antigen

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16
Q

if the proteins originate in an individual’s own body the antigen is called what?

A

Autoantigen

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17
Q

2 components of immune response

A

Anti Body mediated defenses
Cell mediated defenses

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18
Q

defend primarily against the extracellular
phases of bacterial and viral infections.

A

Antibody Mediated Defenses

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19
Q

Also called Immunoglobulins, and are a part of the body’s plasma proteins

A

Antibodies

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20
Q

These defenses reside ultimately in the B lymphocytes and are mediated by antibodies produced by B cells

A

Humoral immunity

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21
Q

where does Humoral immunity reside?

A

In B Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What mediates the Humoral Immunity

A

antibodies produced by B cells

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23
Q

2 major types of immunity

A

Active and Passive immunity

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24
Q

5 classes of immunoglobulin designated by letters

Study These Flashcards
A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE

25
what immunoglobulin indicates current infection
IgM
26
what immunoglobulin anti body indicated past infection and subsequent immunity
IgG antibodies
27
the host receives natural (e.g., from a nursing mother) or artificial (e.g., from an injection of immune serum) antibodies produced by another source
acquired immunity
28
Types of immunity and their definition
Active - antibodies produced by the body in response to an antigen (long duration) Passive (acquired) - antibodies produced by another source, animal or human (short duration)
29
What are the Natural and Artificial antibodies of active immunity
Natural - antibodies formed in the presence of infection (lifelong duration) Artificial - Antigens are administered to stimulate antibody production (many year duration and must be reinforced by booster)
30
What are the Natural and Artificial antibodies of passive immunity
Natural - Antibodies are transferred from an immune mother to her baby through the placenta or colostrum (6 to 1 year duration) Artificial - Immune serum from an animal or human is injected (2-3 Weeks duration)
31
occur through the T-cell system. On exposure to an antigen, the lymphoid tissues release large numbers of activated T cells into the lymph system.
cell-mediated defenses, or cellular immunity
32
3 main groups of T cells
Helper T Cells Cytotoxic T Cells Suppressor T Cells
33
T cells that help in the functions of the immune system;
Helper T Cells
34
T cells that attack and kill microorganisms and sometimes the body’s own cells
Cytotoxic T Cells
35
T cells that can suppress the functions of the helper T cells and the Cytotoxic T Cells
Suppressor T cells
36
Factors increasing susceptibility to infection
Age Heredity Level of Stress Nutritional Status Current Medical Therapy Pre Existing Disease process
37
Types of Exudate
Serous - Clear, Thin, Watery fluid Serosanguineous - Thin, Watery, with light red or pink hue Sanguineous - Bright Red, Fresh blood Purulent - Thick, Opaque, Odorous build up from infection
38
Signs of systemic infection include the following:
-Fever -Increased pulse and respiratory rate if the fever is high - Malaise and loss of energy - Anorexia and, in some situations, nausea and vomiting - Enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes that drain the area of infection
39
To identify clients at risk, the nurse:
- reviews the client’s chart - collect data regarding the factors influencing the development of infection like: - existing disease process - history of recurrent infections - current medications - therapeutic measures - current emotional stressors - nutritional status - history of immunizations
40
Laboratory data that may indicate the presence of an infection include the following:
- Elevated leukocyte - Elevated erythrocyte - Urine, blood, sputum, or other drainage cultures that indicate presence of pathogenic microorganism - Elevated Serum Lactate
41
normal WBC count
4500 - 11, 000>mL3
42
Diagnosing : What are the actual and potential problem
Risk of Infection Altered comfort Ineffective Coping
43
Patients with infections are at risk of complications. This diagnosis emphasizes the potential for infection and the need for preventive measures.
Risk for Infection
44
Infections often lead to discomfort and pain. This diagnosis focuses on comfort measures and symptom management
Altered Comfort
45
Dealing with an infection can be emotionally challenging. This diagnosis addresses the patient's coping abilities
Ineffective Coping
46
Major Goals in planning
- Maintain or restore defenses - Avoid the spread of infectious organisms - Reduce or alleviate problems associated with infection
47
Health Teaching Plan for the Client and Family
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT - Teach the client and family members the signs and symptoms of infection, and when to contact a healthcare provider. - Teach the client and family members how to avoid infections - Suggest techniques for safe food preservation and preparation -INFECTION PREVENTION - Remind to avoid coughing, sneezing, or breathing directly on others. - Inform of the importance of maintaining sufficient fluid intake to promote urine production and output. - Emphasize the need for proper immunizations of all family members. - Discuss hand soaps and effective disinfectants. - Promote nail care
48
Implementing: Preventing Healthcare - Associated Infections
Hand Hygiene
49
is a chemical preparation used on skin or tissue.
antiseptic
50
is a chemical preparation, such as phenol or iodine compounds, used on inanimate objects
antiseptic
51
preparation destroys bacteria
Bactericidal
52
preparation prevents the growth and reproduction of some bacteria
Bacteriostatic
53
is a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.
Sterilization
54
Four commonly used methods of sterilization
moist heat, gas, boiling water, and radiation
55
, steam under pressure is used because it attains temperatures higher than the boiling point
Moist Heat (use of autoclave)
56
destroys microorganisms by interfering with their metabolic processes.
Ethylene oxide
57
It is also effective against spores. Its advantages are good penetration and effectiveness for heat-sensitive items. Its major disadvantage is its toxicity to humans
Gas
58
This is the most practical and inexpensive method for sterilizing in the home. The main disadvantage is that spores and some viruses are not killed by this method.
Boiling Water
59
Both ionizing (such as alpha, beta, and xrays) and nonionizing (ultraviolet light) radiation are used for disinfection and sterilization.
Radiation

FUNDA LEC (MIDTERMS) (6 decks)

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