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A-levels > Nuthall Techtonics > Flashcards

Nuthall Techtonics Flashcards

1
Q

Japan experiences………% of the worlds earthquakes of Richter scale magnitude of 6 or more.

A

20%

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2
Q

Who provided aid after the Nepal earthquake in 2015

A

Norway provided £2.5million Humanitarian assistance.

UK provided a 8 strong humanitarian aid team and 5 million in aid.

Asian Development Bank provides US £200 million for reconstruction.

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3
Q

Life clock info -

A

includes; emergency portable light, emergency rescue whistle, an SOS emergency flag, gauze to treat bleeding and factures.

Sold over 10,000 clocks in les than 4 months.

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4
Q

Mount Pinatubo 1991

A

847 people were killed by the eruption mostly by roofs collapsing under weight of accumulated wet ash.

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5
Q

Body waves Primary

A

Primary - can pass through solids and liquids.

Direction of particle movement and wave movement is the same.

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6
Q

Body waves Secondary

A

Solids - can pass through solids only.

Direction of particle movement is at 90 degrees to direction of wave movement.

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7
Q

Surface waves Love

A

Similar to S waves.

Perpendicular to direction to travel.

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8
Q

Surface waves Rayleigh

A

Similar to water waves but counter clockwise.
Slowest.
V. destructive.

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9
Q

In 2010, ……..% of Iceland’s power consumption was used in aluminium production.

A

73%
From Geothermal power.
Crypto Mining.
Genesis mining

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10
Q

…………. geothermal power plant

A

Hellisheioi

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11
Q

……million visitors to the blue lagoon every year.

A

13

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12
Q

Iceland’s employment rate is …….

A

6.1% v. low

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13
Q

Remittances formed ………% of countries GDP in 2008 in Haiti

A

32%

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14
Q

Oceanic plates Density

A

3.0g/cm3

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15
Q

Continental plate Density

A

2.7g/cm3

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16
Q

……… people killed by the Merapi eruption

A

367

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17
Q

Eyjafajokull released ……….million kilos of CO2 into the atmosphere.

A

150

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18
Q

Japan earthquake claimed ……… lives and ……….injured.

A

16,000

6,000

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19
Q

Japan earthquakes cost, incl reconstruction has been estimated at $ …………

A

$181 Million

20
Q

Japan earthquake - ………..million households and thousands of business lost electricity.
………km evacuation zone

A

44 million

30km

21
Q

Nepal earthquake 2015

…….. fatalities

A

8,800

22
Q

Nepal earthquake 2015

……… households destroyed

A

473,000

23
Q

Nepal earthquake 2015

……… people required food assistance.

A

1 million

24
Q

Nepal earthquake 2015

Cost to national economy at ………..billion - ……….% national economy.

A

$10 billion

10%

25
Q

River flooding in Bangladesh 2007 -

……% of country was inundated.

A

60%

26
Q

Nyiragnogo, Democratic Republic of Congo - 2002, several villages destroyed.
……..% of Goma city and ……..% of its economic district was destroyed.

A

13%

80%

27
Q

1985 - Nevado de Ruiz erupted with extensive Lahars formed. Within four hours Lahars had killed more than ……….people.

A

23,000 people.

28
Q

Deforestation and forest degradation account for approximately ……..% of carbon emissions.

A

17%

29
Q

REDD =

A

Reducing Emissions for Deforestation and Forest Degradation Scheme.

30
Q

REDD

A

Incentive for developing countries to conserve rainforests by placing monetary value on conservation.

Developing countries would receive results based payment for results based actions.

31
Q

China’s three North Sheterbelt Project. (Green Wall)

A

Began in 1978 and aims to plant 400,000km2 by 2050.

32
Q

Zero Tillage?

A

Not ploughing the soil leads to increased oxidation.

33
Q

Polyculture?

A

Crops interspersed with trees.

34
Q

Crop residues?

A

Leave stems and leaves on fields to reduce soil erosion and drying out.

35
Q

1997 - August Pryoclastic flows destroyed …….., Montserrat capital 3 miles from crater of Soufriere Hills Volcano.

A

Plymouth

36
Q

Lake Nyos 1986 - ……… deaths, …… people evacuated

A

1746 deaths.

4430 people evacuated.

37
Q

The Kyoto Protocol
Adopted in ……
Doha Amendment in …….

A

1997

2012

38
Q

The Kyoto Protocol

Evaluation ……….

A

The US and China have produced so much emissions to cancel out progress by other countries.

39
Q

The Paris Agreement

In July 2017 France’s environment minister ………

A

Nicolas Hulot announced Frances’s 5 year plan to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles by 2040 as part of the Paris Agreement.

40
Q

Explosive Volcanoes

A 
More acidic Rhyolite lava
High % silica, higher viscosity.
Low temp
Violent busting of gas.
Tephra
e.g. Suffrier Hills, Montserrat.
41
Q

Effusive Volcanoes

A 
Basalt
Basic (low % silica)
Low viscosity
Low explosive force
More frequent eruptions
Lava flows 
Multiple fissures 
e.g. Eyjafjallajokull.
42
Q

Reconstruction form the Japan earthquake is still on-going ……..years later.

A

5 years.

43
Q

Nepal 2015 - ……….. people were displaced from the Kathmandu valley.

A

2.8 million

44
Q

Indonesia - seismographs set up on Merapi in …………

A

1924

National Agency for Disaster management also set up.

45
Q

Japanese earthquake UrEDAS system?

A

It detects an earthquake’s small seismic waves prior to the arrival of larger waves and automatic cuts the power to bring trains to a stop - functioned perfectly.

46
Q

Japan - new Earthquake-Resistant Construction standards were revised in ……..

A

1981

A-levels (15 decks)

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