Nuthall Techtonics

Question 1

Japan experiences………% of the worlds earthquakes of Richter scale magnitude of 6 or more.

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

Who provided aid after the Nepal earthquake in 2015

Answer 2

Norway provided £2.5million Humanitarian assistance.

UK provided a 8 strong humanitarian aid team and 5 million in aid.

Asian Development Bank provides US £200 million for reconstruction.

Question 3

Life clock info -

Answer 3

includes; emergency portable light, emergency rescue whistle, an SOS emergency flag, gauze to treat bleeding and factures.

Sold over 10,000 clocks in les than 4 months.

Question 4

Mount Pinatubo 1991

Answer 4

847 people were killed by the eruption mostly by roofs collapsing under weight of accumulated wet ash.

Question 5

Body waves Primary

Answer 5

Primary - can pass through solids and liquids.

Direction of particle movement and wave movement is the same.

Question 6

Body waves Secondary

Answer 6

Solids - can pass through solids only.

Direction of particle movement is at 90 degrees to direction of wave movement.

Question 7

Surface waves Love

Answer 7

Similar to S waves.

Perpendicular to direction to travel.

Question 8

Surface waves Rayleigh

Answer 8

Similar to water waves but counter clockwise.
Slowest.
V. destructive.

Question 9

In 2010, ……..% of Iceland’s power consumption was used in aluminium production.

Answer 9

73%
From Geothermal power.
Crypto Mining.
Genesis mining

Question 10

…………. geothermal power plant

Answer 10

Hellisheioi

Question 11

……million visitors to the blue lagoon every year.

Answer 11

13

Question 12

Iceland’s employment rate is …….

Answer 12

6.1% v. low

Question 13

Remittances formed ………% of countries GDP in 2008 in Haiti

Answer 13

32%

Question 14

Oceanic plates Density

Answer 14

3.0g/cm3

Question 15

Continental plate Density

Answer 15

2.7g/cm3

Question 16

……… people killed by the Merapi eruption

Answer 16

367

Question 17

Eyjafajokull released ……….million kilos of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Answer 17

150

Question 18

Japan earthquake claimed ……… lives and ……….injured.

Answer 18

16,000

6,000

Question 19

Japan earthquakes cost, incl reconstruction has been estimated at $ …………

Answer 19

$181 Million

Question 20

Japan earthquake - ………..million households and thousands of business lost electricity.
………km evacuation zone

Answer 20

44 million

30km

Question 21

Nepal earthquake 2015

…….. fatalities

Answer 21

8,800

Question 22

Nepal earthquake 2015

……… households destroyed

Answer 22

473,000

Question 23

Nepal earthquake 2015

……… people required food assistance.

Answer 23

1 million

Question 24

Nepal earthquake 2015

Cost to national economy at ………..billion - ……….% national economy.

Answer 24

$10 billion

10%

Question 25

River flooding in Bangladesh 2007 - | ......% of country was inundated.

Answer 25

60%

Question 26

Nyiragnogo, Democratic Republic of Congo - 2002, several villages destroyed. ........% of Goma city and ........% of its economic district was destroyed.

Answer 26

13% | 80%

Question 27

1985 - Nevado de Ruiz erupted with extensive Lahars formed. Within four hours Lahars had killed more than ..........people.

Answer 27

23,000 people.

Question 28

Deforestation and forest degradation account for approximately ........% of carbon emissions.

Answer 28

17%

Question 29

REDD =

Answer 29

Reducing Emissions for Deforestation and Forest Degradation Scheme.

Question 30

REDD

Answer 30

Incentive for developing countries to conserve rainforests by placing monetary value on conservation. Developing countries would receive results based payment for results based actions.

Question 31

China's three North Sheterbelt Project. (Green Wall)

Answer 31

Began in 1978 and aims to plant 400,000km2 by 2050.

Question 32

Zero Tillage?

Answer 32

Not ploughing the soil leads to increased oxidation.

Question 33

Polyculture?

Answer 33

Crops interspersed with trees.

Question 34

Crop residues?

Answer 34

Leave stems and leaves on fields to reduce soil erosion and drying out.

Question 35

1997 - August Pryoclastic flows destroyed ........, Montserrat capital 3 miles from crater of Soufriere Hills Volcano.

Answer 35

Plymouth

Question 36

Lake Nyos 1986 - ......... deaths, ...... people evacuated

Answer 36

1746 deaths. | 4430 people evacuated.

Question 37

The Kyoto Protocol Adopted in ...... Doha Amendment in .......

Answer 37

1997 | 2012

Question 38

The Kyoto Protocol | Evaluation ..........

Answer 38

The US and China have produced so much emissions to cancel out progress by other countries.

Question 39

The Paris Agreement | In July 2017 France's environment minister .........

Answer 39

Nicolas Hulot announced Frances's 5 year plan to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles by 2040 as part of the Paris Agreement.

Question 40

Explosive Volcanoes

Answer 40

``` More acidic Rhyolite lava High % silica, higher viscosity. Low temp Violent busting of gas. Tephra e.g. Suffrier Hills, Montserrat. ```

Question 41

Effusive Volcanoes

Answer 41

``` Basalt Basic (low % silica) Low viscosity Low explosive force More frequent eruptions Lava flows Multiple fissures e.g. Eyjafjallajokull. ```

Question 42

Reconstruction form the Japan earthquake is still on-going ........years later.

Answer 42

5 years.

Question 43

Nepal 2015 - ........... people were displaced from the Kathmandu valley.

Answer 43

2.8 million

Question 44

Indonesia - seismographs set up on Merapi in ............

Answer 44

1924 | National Agency for Disaster management also set up.

Question 45

Japanese earthquake UrEDAS system?

Answer 45

It detects an earthquake's small seismic waves prior to the arrival of larger waves and automatic cuts the power to bring trains to a stop - functioned perfectly.

Question 46

Japan - new Earthquake-Resistant Construction standards were revised in ........

Answer 46

1981