Nutirent Flashcards
(25 cards)
Define Amylose
Amylose or starch is a type of carbohydrate that provides long lasting energy
Define Carbohydrates
A type of nutrient that is the body’s #1 source of energy
Define cellulose
Cellulose is a carbohydrate that can not be digested and “keeps you regular”
Define glucose
Glucose is a type of carbohydrate that provides a short burst of high energy, but comes with an energy crash
What is a mineral?
A mineral is an element from the periodic table that is used in the human body
What does pepsin do?
It digests proteins from foods that are in the stomach.
What does HCl do?
Hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen into pepsin and maintains a Ph of about two in the stomach to dissolve food and kill microorganisms
What are the six main nutrients of the body?
Protein, fats, carbohydrates, H2O, minerals, and vitamins.
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins that can be stored in the body (A,D,E,K).
What are water soluble vitamins?
The water soluble vitamins are vitamins that can not be stored, usually lost through urine (B complex, C)
What is HDL cholesterol?
HDL cholesterol is the good type that clears arteries, such as alcohol and olive oil.
What is LDL cholesterol?
LDL cholesterol is the bad type that clogs arteries.
What type of fat repels water?
Wax is a fat that repels water
What are the 3 macromolecules that are also nutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
What are the essential amino acids?
The amino acids that need to be taken through a diet.
What is the most dangerous type of fat?
Saturated fats, found in lard and butter.
What is the “forgotten mineral” and what does it do?
Magnesium and it can regulate blood pressure, maintain healthy muscle and nerve funtion, and keep strong bones.
What substance line the esophagus? Why?
Mucus lines the esophagus to make an easier/smoother pathway through the esophagus.
What substance line the stomach? Why?
Mucus, to protect stomach lining from stomach acids.
What are the components of saliva?
Water, mucus, and amylase.
What are the functions of the salivary components?
Water- soften the food in the mouth
Mucus- lubricate food before it enters the esophagus
Amylase- break down starch into sugar
What substance is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
Bile, breaks down or emulsifies fat
What does peptidase do?
It breaks down proteins
What does amylase do?
It breaks down starch in to sugar
