Sweet 16 Organelles

Question 0

What is the structure and function of chromatin?

Answer 0

Structure- UNCOILED DNA spread throughout nucleus

Function- Controls all activities of the cell by turning genes on or off

Question 1

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Structure- Large, round organelle; surrounded by double membrane
Function- Isolates DNA from cytoplasm; not found in prokaryotes

Question 2

What is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

Structure- Double membrane surrounding nucleus, connected to rough ER
Function- Control passage of material into and out of nucleus

Question 3

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

Answer 3

Structure- Dense region of proteins, DNA, and RNA in nucleus

Function- Site of ribosome assembly

Question 4

What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 4

Structure- Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins surrounding cell
Function- Controls passage of materials into and out of the cell; communicates with adjacent cells

Question 5

What is the structure and function of the cell wall?

Answer 5

Structure- single or double-layer rigid barrier outside of plasma membrane of plant, fungal, and bacterial cells
Function- Support and protect the cell, determine cell shape

Question 6

What is the structure and function of cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Structure- Fluid that fills the cell (except for inside the nucleus)
Function- contains enzymes that carry out basic metabolism

Question 7

What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 7

Structure- Network of protein tubes; three types ( microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments)
Function- Reinforces cell shape; helps with cell movement; helps with movement of materials within cell; helps position organelles within cell.

Question 8

What is the structure and function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

Structure- bean-shaped organelle surrounded by two membranes, inner membrane is folded for increased surface area
Function- carries out cellular respiration to make ATP for cell

Question 9

What is the structure and function of the chloroplast?

Answer 9

Structure- Bean shaped organelle surrounded by two membranes, contains inner thylakoid membranes formed into stacks called grana
Function- Carries out photosynthesis to make carbohydrates for cell; only found in plants and some protists (green algae)

Question 10

What is the structure and function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

Structure- Small organelle made of two parts (large and small subunits); some free in cytoplasm, some attached to rough ER
Function- Make proteins by translation, using instructions coded in mRNA template

Question 11

What is the structure and function of the rough ER?

Answer 11

Structure- Stacks of flattened, connected, membrane bound layers; connected to nuclear envelope; ribosomes attached to outside
Function- Modifies proteins made by attached ribosomes, adding carbohydrates and/or lipids

Question 12

What is the structure and function of the smooth ER?

Answer 12

Structure- stacks of flattened, connected, membrane bound layers; no ribosomes
Function- Makes new lipids and membranes for cell

Question 13

What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

Structure- stacks of flattened, membrane-bound layers, layers not connected
Function- Modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates and/or lipids; sorts, packages, and send proteins to final location within the cell

Question 14

What is the structure and function of the lysosomes?

Answer 14

Structure- Membrane-bound organelle filled with acidic fluid, digestive enzymes
Function- Digests unneeded proteins and organelles; digest other materials taken into the cell by phagocytosis

Question 15

What is the structure and function of the vacuole?

Answer 15

Structure- Membrane-bound space (many small ones in animals, one large one in plants)
Function- Store water, nutrients, pigments (in plants), and waste; also breaks down waste in plants