Nutr Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What is gerd
A
Acid reflux
2
Q
What is dysphagia
A
Difficulty swallowing
3
Q
What is gastritis
A
Inflammation of stomach lining
4
Q
What is anthropometric data
A
Height weight Bmi etc
5
Q
What is a biochemical analysis
A
Labs urine samples
6
Q
What does adime stand for?
A
Assessment Diagnosis Intervention Monitoring Evaluation
7
Q
What does the assessment part of adime consist of
A
Family hx
Medical hx
Important and relative data
Ht wt bmi
8
Q
What does the diagnosis part of adime stand for
A
Lists and prioritizes nutrition diagnosis
9
Q
What does the intervention portion of adime consist of
A
Describes treatment goals and expected outcomes, specific interventions, and the pets response to nutrition care
10
Q
What does soap stand for
A
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
11
Q
What is in the subjective portion of soap notes
A
Info obtained from medical records and interview with the pt or pts family
12
Q
What is in the objective portion of soap notes
A
Biochemical analysis
Anthropometric data
Medical procedures
Physical procedures
13
Q
What is in the assessment part of soap notes
A
Brief evaluation of the subjective and objective data and nutrition Dx
14
Q
What is a pes statement
A
Structure used for formatting a nutritional dx
15
Q
What is the cognitive domain of learning?
A
Knowledge, information
16
Q
What is the affective domain of learning
A
Attitude , beliefs
17
Q
What is the psychomotor domain of learning
A
Manual skills,
Performance
18
Q
What are some examples of cognitive goals
A
Knowledge
Comprehension
Analyze
Evaluate
19
Q
What are some examples of affective goals
A
Listening Responding Valuing Organizing Characterization
20
Q
What are some examples of psychomotor goals
A
Fundamental movement coordination
Physical ability
skilled movement
21
Q
What are the two types of bonds that make up organic nutrients?
A
Carbon-carbon
Carbon-hydrogen
22
Q
What are minerals
A
Chemical elements that remain unchanged despite cooking digestion or excretion
23
Q
What are two inorganic nutrients?
A
Minerals and water
24
Q
What are essential nutrients?
A
A nutrient that is necessary for life process that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from a dietary source
25
What are some examples of essential nutrients
Vitamins minerals essential fatty acids and essential amino acids
26
How many kcals per gram are each macronutrient?
CHO
PRO
FAT
4kcal/g
4kcal/g
9kcal/g
27
What is a monosaccharide
6-carbon hexose
One chain
28
What is a disaccharide
A pair of monosaccharides
29
What is the chemical formula of a monosaccharide
C6H12O6
30
What is the energy source for all body activities
Glucose
31
What is fructose
The sweetest sugar found in fruit or honey
32
What is the makeup of maltose and where is it found
Glucose + glucose
| Found in starches
33
What is the makeup of sucrose and where is it found
Glucose + fructose
Table sugar
34
What is the makeup of lactose and where is it found
Glucose + galactose found in milk
35
What is condensation?
Combining of 2 monosaccharides
36
What is hydrolysis?
The breaking Down of two disaccharides
37
What are 3 types of polysaccharides
Glycogen
Starches
Fibers
38
What is glycogen
Storage from glucose in animals and humans
39
What are starches
Storage form of glucose in plants
40
What are fibers
Structural parts of plants that can not be broken down by digestive enzymes
41
What is soluble fiber
Fiber dissolved in water
42
What is viscous fiber
Fiber that forms a gel
43
What is fermentable fiber
Fiber that is easily digested by bacteria in the colon
44
What will fiber help lower?
Glucose and cholesterol
45
Where are soluble fibers found
Fruits legumes and oats
46
What are 3 types of lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipid
Sterols
47
What is a triglyceride made of
One glycerol and 3 fatty acids
48
Three different ways fatty acids differ between one another
Length of carbon chain
Degree of saturation
Location of double bonds
49
What is the usual length of organic fatty acid carbon chains?
4-24 carbons
50
What is the chemical makeup of an acid group
COOH
51
What are saturated fatty acids molecularly
All carbons are attached to hydrogens
| Each attachment contains single bonds between carbon atoms
52
What are unsaturated fatty acids molecularly
One or more carbons lack hydrogen atoms which are replaced with a double bind between carbons
53
How many double bonds do monounsaturated fatty acids have
One
54
What are two examples of monounsaturated fatty acids
Olive oil and canola oil
55
How many double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids
Two or more
56
What's an example of a polyunsaturated fatty acid
Vegetable oil
57
What are two essential fatty acids and how many double bonds do they have
Linoleic 2 double bonds
| Linolenic 3 double bonds
58
Where is the location of a double bond in omega 3
3 carbons away from the methyl group
59
Where is the location of the double bonds in omega 6
6 carbons away from the methyl group
60
What is the methyl group in an unsaturated fatty acid
CH3
61
What is the factor that determines saturated from unsaturated fatty acids?
The chain length. Shorter the chain, the softer the fat
62
Why do unsaturated fats go rancid quickly ?
The double bind is unstable and make it not resistant to oxidation
63
4 ways to prevent rancidity in fats
Air tight seal ( prevent oxidation )
Protection from light
Addition of antioxidants (these compete for oxygen)
Removal of double bonds (hydrogenization)
64
What is hydrogenation ?
The removal of double bonds in unsaturated fats to make them more stable and have a longer shelf life
65
I hydrogenation, what happens to the hydrogen formation
It is changed from cis to trans.
66
What is the cis hydrogen formation
Hydrogens next to the double bind are on the same side
67
What is the trans hydrogen formation
Hydrogens next to the double bond are on opposite side
68
What is a phospholipid
A compound similar to a triglyceride that has a phosphate-group and choline in place of one of the fatty acids
69
What is a phospholipid used for?
Emulsifiers (also soluble in water)
70
What is an example of a phospholipid?
Lecithin
71
What is a sterol
A compound found in plants and animals.
72
Wat is the structure of a sterol
Four carbon ring with a variety of side chains
73
What are some examples of sterols
```
Cholesterol
Vitamin D
Bike
Sex hormones
Adrenal hormones
```
74
What is a protein made of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen **
75
What is the basic structure of an amino acid
One hydrogen
An amino group (NH2)
An acid group (COOH)
A side chain
76
What is an amino group composed of
NH2
77
How many essential and how many non essential amino acids make up the 20
9 essential
| 11 non essential
78
What are amino acids linked together by to make a protein
Peptide bond
79
```
How many amino acids do a
Dipeptide
Tripeptide
Ogliopeptide
And polypeptide
```
Have?
2
3
4-9
10+
80
What are some roles of protein?
```
Building blocks of most body structures
Enzymes
Hormones
Fluid balance
Acid-base regulators
Transporters of lipids oxygen and iron
Antibodies
Used as energy
```
81
What is nitrogen balance
The amount of nitrogen consumed as compared with the amount of nitrogen excreted in a given period of time. Used to determine protein utilization.
82
What is a positive nitrogen balance
Nitrogen is greater in than out.
83
When does positive nitrogen balance occur (5)
```
Infants
Children
Pregnancy
Wound healing
Recovery from illness
```
84
What is negative nitrogen balance
Nitrogen is greater out than in.
85
When does negative nitrogen balance occur (3)
Starvation
Acute injury
Infection
86
How do you calculate the nitrogen content of the diet?
Divide total grams of protein consumed by 6.25 grams of nitrogen
92g pro / 6.25 = 14.7 g nitrogen
87
What is deamination
Removal of the amino group (NH2)
88
What does deamination do?
Creates ammonia.
89
What is ammonia from deamination converted into? And what organ converts it.
Deamination causes ammonia which is then converted by the liver into urea.
90
What organ filters urea from the blood?
Kidneys.
91
Give the process from deamination-> urine
Deamination removed the amino group of a protein which created ammonia
Ammonia is converted into urea in the blood by the liver
Kidneys filter urea from the blood and excrete nitrogen in m the urine
92
What is a reference protein
A measure of the quality of a protein compared to the essential amino acid requirements of preschool age children
93
What is a Complimentary protein
2 or more dietary proteins that can be combined to obtain all of the essential amino acids in quantities sufficient to support health
94
What percent should protein account for in a total daily calorie count
10-35%
95
Recommended intake of protein
0-5mo. _______g/kg
5-12mos______
1-3yrs_________
4-14yrs________
2. 2
1. 6
1. 2
1. 0
96
What is marasmus
Severe deprivation or impaired absorption of energy, protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
97
What age is marasmus mostly common in
Infants under 2
98
What are symptoms of marasmus?
Short for age
Muscle wasting
No body fat
Impaired brain development
99
What is kwashiorkor
Inadequate protein intake or infection
100
What is the common age for kwashiorkor
18mo-3yr
101
Kwashiorkor symptoms
Muscle wasting
Decreased body fat
Enlarged fatty liver
102
What is bioavailability
The rate at and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used
103
Bioavailability is affected by:
| 5
GI time
Nutritional status
Other foods eaten that may inhibit absorption
Food prep (heat, oxygen, light)
Source of nutrient (synthetic vs natural)
104
Water soluble vitamins:
Each one : (8)
B and c
```
Thiamin
Niacin
Riboflavin
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Vit b6
Vit b12
```
105
Fat soluble vitamins:
A
D
E
K
106
Water soluble vitamins are
Hydrophilic
107
Fat soluble vitamins are
Hydrophobic
108
What are upper levels
The highest amount of a nutrient that is not likely to cause harm
109
What is joint commission
Requires that all pts be screened for nutrition risk within 24 hrs of admission
110
4 steps to the nutrition care process
```
Assessment
Diagnosis
Intervention
Monitoring
Evaluation
```
ADIME!!!
111
Hamwi method for calculation of ideal body weight:
Women
Men
100lbs for the first 5 feet add 5 lbs for each inch over 5 ft.
Add 10% for large frame and subtract 10% for small frame
Add 106 for 5ft add 6lbs for each inch above 5ft
Add 10% lg frame -10% small
