nutrients

Question 1

nutrients

Answer 1

substances found in foods that are needed for the body to develop and function properly. they are the main energy supply for growth, movement, and repairing the body

Question 2

nutrition

Answer 2

process by which organisms obtain food and energy for growth, repair and maintenance of the body

Question 3

7 major classes of nutrients

Answer 3

water
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
vitamins
minerals
fibres

Question 4

carbohydrates

Answer 4

major source of energy for cells
there are 3 types of carbs :
monosaccharides
disaccharides (these 2 are simple )
polysaccharides (complex)

Question 5

monosaccharides

Answer 5

simple sugars
do not need to be further digested to be absorbed
good energy sources and building blocks of larger sugar molecules

examples are glucose, fructose and galactose(milk)

Question 6

disaccharides

Answer 6

2 monosaccharides joint together
good energy sources

examples are maltose; glucose + glucose

Question 7

polysaccharides

Answer 7

consists of chains of a few hundred or thousand of monosaccharides
functions:
energy storage
structural support(cellulose)

examples are starch and glycogen

Question 8

structural polysaccharides

Answer 8

they include cellulose
cellulose are
long chains of glucose units
major structural component of plant cell walls
cannot be readily digested by animals aka fibre

dietary fibre is made up of plant material in particular cellulose from plant cell walls that your body cannot break down

storage polysaccharides are starch(chains of glucose molecules). glycogen (chains of glucose molecules ) ,cellulose (linear chains of glucose molecules )

Question 9

proteins

Answer 9

occupy a smaller space in the middle of the pyramid

Question 10

amino acids

Answer 10

building blocks of proteins
like carbs, amino acis are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

this gives aa different chemical properties from carbs

Question 11

polypeptides

Answer 11

aa, dipeptide, polypeptide, protein

Question 12

function of proteins

Answer 12

structural support
storage
transport
movement
defence
chemical reactions

Question 13

lipids/fats

Answer 13

formed from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
source of energy
contains twice as much energy as carbs and protein therefore more compact store of energy

Question 14

2 types of lipids

Answer 14

fats - solid at room temp e.g. butter and cheese

oil - liquid at room temp e.g. oils from nuts and seeds

building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

functions of lipids

Answer 15

cushions vital organs in mammals
insulates against heat loss
reduce water loss
component of cell membrane e.g. hormones are made of cholesterol

Question 16

vitamins minerals and fibre

Answer 16

necessary for maintenance of health and well being
required in tiny amounts and do not need to be digested to be absorbed
fibre is the indigestible part of plant foods and required for prevention of constipation

Question 17

nutrient tests

Answer 17

reducing sugars
starch
proteins
fats

Question 18

starch test

Answer 18

iodine test
if blue black colouration is observed, starch id present

Question 19

reducing sugar test

Answer 19

benedicts test
ass about 2.0 cm3 of glucose solution followed by an equal amount of benedicts solution into a test tube .boil for 5 mins and observe a colour change if a reducing sugar is present
blue,none
green/yellow, traces of rs
orange red , moderate
brick red , large amt of rs

glucose, rs present. water, water remain blue

Question 20

fats test

Answer 20

ethanol emulsion test
add ethanol and water with substance and shale.
if fats are present, tiny oil droplets seen and after water white emulsion is seen

if fats are absent ,mixture remained colourless and is clear/transparent