nutrients

Question 1

a mutualistic, symbiotic relationship w/ plant roots and fungus

Answer 1

Mycorrhizae

Question 2

describe the symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizae and roots

Answer 2

the fungus gives phosphates to the plant=> the plant gives the fungus some of its photosynthetic food

Question 3

what are the 2 types of mycorrhizae

Answer 3

Ectomycorrhizae and Endomycorrhizae

Question 4

what are ectomycorrhizae

Answer 4

the fungus that wraps plant roots in a fungal sheath

Question 5

what are endomycorrhizae

Answer 5

-penetrates into roots between the plants cells without puncturing the cell wall

Question 6

rhizobium

Answer 6

bacteria in legumes which are nitrogen fixing

Question 7

what can NO mycorrhizae cause

Answer 7

can cause stunted plant growth AND mycorrhizae is the reason angiosperms and gymnosperms were able to colonize land

Question 8

How do most plants obtain nitrogen?

Answer 8

they obtain nitrogen from roots using bacteria from the soil

Question 9

what is a common bacteria in the soil that converts:
N2=>NH2=>NH4

Answer 9

Rhizobium

Question 10

where do all the mutualistic prokaryotes in the roots infect, causing them to enlarge

Answer 10

Legumes

Question 11

why are carnivorous plants carnivores?

Answer 11

the soil in their habitat is too acidic to obtain nutrients through the the roots

Question 12

how carnivorous plants digest

Answer 12

they secrete enzymes that capture and breakdown the organism for protein which releases nitrogen

Question 13

why does endothermy require more energy than ectothermy

Answer 13

endotherms must regulate their own body temp which takes more energy than being ectothermic

Question 14

4 macronutrients needed

Answer 14

lipids
carbs
proteins
nucleic acids

Question 15

why do lipids not break down into monomers

Answer 15

lipids are made up of glycerol and fatty acid chains, they are not polymers bc theyre not a chain of a singular substance

Question 16

hydrolysis

Answer 16

breaks down macro nutrients using water and enzymes

Question 17

cation exchange summarized

Answer 17

soil attracts k, Ca, Mg, Cu and these molecules attach itself to the soil particles

Question 18

how do plants get K, Phos, and nitrogen?

Answer 18

-K= cation exchange
-Phos=fungal hyphae mycorrhizae
-Nitrogen-nitrogen fixing bacteria ex: Rhizobium

Question 19

why are amino acids considered essential to animal health

Answer 19

there are 20 amino acids but we only make 10 ourselves so we must get the other 10 from the food we consume

Question 20

what can too much vitamin C cause

Answer 20

gastrointestinal upset

Question 21

what can too much Vitamin K cause

Answer 21

liver damage

Question 22

minerals animals absorb in order to function

Answer 22

-calcium
-phosphorus
-sodium
-potassium
-magnesium
-chlorine

Question 23

Digestive system

Answer 23

all phylum except phylum porifera have a digestive system and there are 2 types

Question 24

what are the 2 types of digestive systems

Answer 24

1. incomplete digestive system (gastrovascular cavity ex: Platyhelminthes, cnidaria
2. Complete digestive system which is evolutionarily advanced

Question 25

4 processes in digestion

Answer 25

1. ingestion 2. digestion 3. absorbtion 4. elimination

Question 26

macronutrients is measured in?

Answer 26

ppm- parts per million

Question 27

what are some nonmineral macronutrients plants need?

Answer 27

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen=> plants usually get this from CO2 and H2O from the air

Question 28

organic =

Answer 28

vitamin- plants make their own, animals needs vary

Question 29

inorganic=

Answer 29

minerals (ions)- both plants and animals need them

Question 30

Mineral macronutrients (big three)?

Answer 30

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

Question 31

casparian strip

Answer 31

a waxy band that surrounds endodermian cells