Nutrients

Question 0

What are the three main types of carbohydrates ?

Answer 0

Simple sugars, complex carbohydrates and non starch polysaccharides

Question 1

What is the main function of carbohydrate ?

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

Simple sugars are made up of ….

Answer 2

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 3

What are the three monosaccharides

Answer 3

Glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 4

Where is glucose found

Answer 4

Fruits and veg and can be used in tablet, liquid or powder form for athletes

Question 5

Where is fructose found

Answer 5

Honey

Question 6

Where is galactose found

Answer 6

Dosnt exist in foods , produced when lactose is broken down in digestion

Question 7

What are the three disaccharides

Answer 7

Sucrose, lactose and maltose

Question 8

Where is sucrose found ?

Answer 8

Ordinary household sugar

Question 9

Where is lactose found ?

Answer 9

Milk

Question 10

Where is maltose used ?

Answer 10

The brewing industry

Question 11

What two different forms of sugar are there

Answer 11

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 12

What is intrinsic sugar

Answer 12

Sugar that is found naturally in the cells of fruit and vegetables

Question 13

What is extrinsic sugar

Answer 13

Sugars which you can see , such as cans sugar and syrup

Question 14

What are polysaccharides

Answer 14

Complex carbohydrates formed from hundreds of glucose molecules strung together

Question 15

What are the two types of polysaccharides ?

Answer 15

Starch or fibre

Question 16

Where is starch found ?

Answer 16

Bread, rice ,cereals, potatoes, pasta

Question 17

Give four functions of fibre

Answer 17

Adds bulk to faeces, creates a feeling of fullness, controls blood sugar levels and lowers cholesterol

Question 18

Give some sources of fibre

Answer 18

Beans , whole grain, wholemeal bread, seeds, nuts, potato skins, dried fruit, bran based cereal

Question 19

How much fibre should we be eating ?

Answer 19

No less than 18g a day

Question 20

What is soluble fibre ?

Answer 20

Fibre that can be digested by your body

Question 21

What is insoluble fibre

Answer 21

Fibre which can’t be digested , it passes through stomach without being broken down and helps other foods move through the digestive system more easily

Question 22

Give the functions of fat for the body

Answer 22

Supply of energy, important in body structures as a protective layer, heat insulator, allows fat soluble vitamins to be absorbed

Question 23

What are the 2 types of fats

Answer 23

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 24

What do the carbon chains look like in SATURATED FATS

Answer 24

Carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

Question 25

Give some saturated fat products

Answer 25

Hard cheese, cake, pastries, pie, chocolate, crisps, lard

Question 26

Too much saturated fat can increase ....

Answer 26

The amount of cholesterol in the blood and increases risk of CHD

Question 27

Saturated fats are normally ........at room temp

Answer 27

Solid

Question 28

Unsaturated fats are usually .....at room temp

Answer 28

Soft or liquid

Question 29

Unsaturated fats can be divided into what two groups

Answer 29

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Question 30

What does the carbon chain look like in monounsaturated fats

Answer 30

Has one double bond

Question 31

Give some monounsaturated fat products

Answer 31

Avocado, olive oil , olive spread and ground nut oil

Question 32

Monounsaturated products are mainly from ....

Answer 32

Plants

Question 33

A polyunsaturated fatty acid molecule has ....

Answer 33

Several double bonds in the carbon chain

Question 34

Give some polyunsaturated fatty acid examples

Answer 34

Corn oil , soya oil, sunflower oil

Question 35

What are trans-unsaturated fatty acids ?

Answer 35

Unsaturated fatty acids that have been partly saturated through a process of hydrogenation ( adding hydrogen )

Question 36

What is the purpose of hydrogenation ?

Answer 36

To make a liquid fat into a solid fat. Prolongs the shelf life because saturated fats become rancid more slowly than unsaturated fats

Question 37

What is cholesterol

Answer 37

A type of fat but it does not produce any energy

Question 38

Where is cholesterol found ?

Answer 38

All animal cells and tissues but not vegetables or plants

Question 39

What are the two main types of cholesterol

Answer 39

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol | High density lipoprotein cholesterol

Question 40

LDL cholesterol is linked to ....

Answer 40

Coronary heart disease. LDL cholesterol causes plaques to form on artery walls which can lead to atherosclerosis and blocked arteries

Question 41

HDL cholesterol may help to protect against....

Answer 41

Heart disease

Question 42

How does fibre create bulk to faeces

Answer 42

Causes faeces to become bulky because it hasn't been digested. Reduces risk of constipation

Question 43

How does fibre create feeling of fullness

Answer 43

Fibre rich foods absorb a lot of water and expand, making stomach expand, making person feel fuller. Fibre also stays in stomach longer

Question 44

How does fibre control blood sugar levels

Answer 44

Controls blood sugar levels by slowing down the rate at which the food leaves the stomach, delays how quickly glucose is absorbed after it is consumed, meaning blood sugar levels don't rise as quickly.

Question 45

How does fibre lower cholesterol

Answer 45

Ability to reduce the amount of bile reabsorbed in the intestines. When fibre interferes with absorption of bile, the bile is excreted in faeces . The loss of bile is made up by bile salts. ( the body uses cholesterol to do this )

Question 46

Functions of water

Answer 46

``` Avoids dehydration Helps digestion Essential for chemical reactions Lubrication between joints and cells Regulates body temp ```