Flashcards in Nutrients Deck (14)
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1
What are macronutrients?
The main nutrients we need in our diet.
These are protein, fat and carbohydrates.
2
What is protein needed for?
-growth
-repair
-maintenance
-energy
3
What are proteins made up off?
amino acids
4
What's the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?
Essential - body can't make so we need to eat (9 essential)
Non-essential - body can make (11 non-essential)
5
What are HBV proteins?
High Biological Value proteins
-contain all of the essential amino acids
-mainly animal sources
eg. meat, soya beans, poultry
6
What are LBV proteins?
Low Biological Value proteins
-don't contain all of the essential amino acids
-only plant sources
eg. lentils, beans
7
What problems does an excess of protein cause?
Pressure and strain on the liver and kidneys
8
What problems does a deficiency in protein cause?
-slowed growth
-immune system can't work properly (wounds take longer to heal, infections more likely)
-digestion doesn't work properly (not all nutrients taken in)
-oedema (build up of fluid in body that causes swelling)
-kwashiorkor (severe disease)
9
What are some alternative proteins for vegetarians?
-soya (plant based HBV source)
-mycoprotein (fungus)
-TVP [textured vegetable protein] (ground soya beans to make a dough)
-tofu (curdled soya milk)
10
What does fat provide?
-concentrated source of energy
-insulation
-protection for organs
-vitamins A and D
-essential fatty acids
11
What are saturated fats?
-solid at room temp
-animal source
-unhealthier than unsaturated
12
What are unsaturated fats?
-soft/liquid room temp
-vegetable sources
-healthier than saturated
13
What are the differences between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats?
monounsaturated - contain one double carbon bond
polyunsaturated - contain more than one double carbon bond
14
