Nutrients (AA and Vitamins) Flashcards
(49 cards)
Essential amino acids
Isoleucine, Ile; Leucine, Leu; Valine, Val; Phenylalanine, Phe; Tryptophan, Trp; histidine, His; threonine, Thr; Methionine, Met; Lysine, Lys;
G PVT TIM HALL
Arg is conditional
My Tall Vegan Friend Is Watering Kale Leaves
Lipid soluble vitamins
Retinol (A), Retinioic acid (A)
Calcitriol (D)
Vit. K
Vit. E
Water soluble
Thiamine B1 Riboflavin B2 Niacin B3 Panthothenic acid B5 Pyridoxine B6 Biotin B7 Folic Acid B9 Cobalamin B12 Ascorbate C
B1, deficient in alchoholism. Dry/wet beriberi (muscle wasting, partila paralysis/ cardiac failure, peripheral edema)
ATP: alpha-ketogluatarate dehydrogenase
“Ber1Ber1 = B1”
Thiamine
B2, forms coenzyme FAD/FMN. Cheilosis/stomatisis, magenta-colored tongue, corenal neovascularization
“Fad and Fmn are derived from riboFlavin”
“B2 = 2 ATP”
“2 C’s of B2 = Cheilosis (inflamed lips, fissures at corners”, Corneal vascularization
Riboflavin
B3, coenzyme for NAD(H), NADP(H). Hartnup Disease: imparied AA absorbption, have this deficiency and deficient in tryptophan. Pellagra (from malnutrition)
“3 D’s” of B 3: Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis”
Niacin
B5, synth of coenzyme A (affects TCA cycle, FA metabolism, chelsterol synth) dermatitis, paresthea, muscle cramps
“Pento”thenic acid for B5
Pantothenic acid
B6, ALT and AST, heme synthesis affected. Sideroblastic anemia!!!, cheilosis/stomatitis
Transaminases use a coenzyme derived by B6, PLP (pyridoxyl 5’ phosphate) for making Met into Succinyl CoA. Lack of PLP causes hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria
Pyridoxine
Biotin, cofactor for carboxylation enzymed (gluconeogenesis, FA syunth, Odd carbon FA synth).
“Avidin in egg whites AVIDly binds to biotin”
From excessive raw egg consumption bc avidin binds to biotin-binding protien.
Alopecia, rashes, seborrheic dermatitis
B7
Folic Acid (folate)
B9, get defficeint during pregnancy or alchool.
Causes spina bifida in baby. For in body pyrimidine synthesis
“Folate from Foliage”
green veggies
Cobalamin
B12, pernicious anemia causes, vegetarian diet.
Causes issues making methionine or succinyl CoA.
Get Megaloblastic anemia, neruopathis, homocysteinemia (CV disease, DVT, stroke
5’ deoxyadenosylcobalamin has adenine in it
Ascorbate
C, collagen synthesis, dopaime (so norepinephrine too), decr. FE absorbption, C is antioxidant.
Scurvy, poor wound healing and bloody gums, anemia
“Vitamin C def. causes sCurvy, due to Collagen synthl defect”
Vitamin A
Affects vision and maintaining epithelium (retinol, retinoic acid, retinal). from malnutrition or fat malabsorption.
“ISoTRETinoin is TERATogenic”
Night blindness, frequent infection.
Teratogenic in pregnancy (if eat something with too much Vit. A bc it’s fat soluble
Vitamin D
D2, D3, calcifediol, calcitriol. Good for GI tract for phsophate absorption, kidneys,
Bone: osteoblasts receptors, helps for bone resorption
Get Rickets (slow growth, bowed legs, breastbone projection), osteomalacia
Where are branched chained AA’s degraded?
NOT liver, bc it lacks aminotransferase
in muscle, kidney, brain
3 ways Glu, glutamate, helps with the removal of the an amino group?
- oxadative (deaminatino of glutamate, releasing ammonium)
- transfer of amino group to pyruvate by ALT
- transfer of amiono group to OAA (oxyloacetate) by AST
what’s alpha ketoglutarate
made from glutamate, it’s the 4th intermediate.
Gln, Pro, His, Arg make glutamate.
what aa’s contribute towards Succinyl CoA in the Krebs cycle?
Met, Thr, Val, Ile
What does Leu contribute for in the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA
What AA’s metabolism may lead to homocystinuria?
Methionin to make Succinyl CoA
Mutation in cystothionine B-synthase if PLP (pryridoxal phosphate, B6) lacking
Build up of Homocysteine, it cannot change to Cystathionine
Three amino acids that are branched chained? what do they contribute ot making? Which AA can lead to Maple syrup urine disease
Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine
Val, Ile —> Succinyl CoA
Ile, Leu—–> make acetyle CoA
Leu makes Maple Syrup Syndrome bc. lacking BCKD
Phe and Asn contribute to
Phe makes fumerate and also acetoacetate
Asn makes oxaloacette
What important molecules are derivatives of tryptophan?
Serotonin, Melatonin
Carcinoid tumors overproduce what molecule?
serotonin
