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MCM: Biochem, Exam 1 > Protein Metabolism > Flashcards

Protein Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Exopeptidase vs. endopeptidase

A

exo: attacks C or N-terminus ends
endo: attacks withing specific site, digests internal pep. bonds

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2
Q

the “kitchen disposal” for proteins, that utilizes ubiquinin as a marker for degradation

A

Proteasomal degradation

sucks protein in, shreds it to peptide fragments

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3
Q

Proteolytic enzyme are ____, because they are inactive until the body relases another enzyme____ to activate it. For example Trypsinogen

A

inactive zymogens
enterokinase

It turns from chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin
or trypsinogen to trypsin
both activated my enterokinase

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4
Q

Conditionally essential AA’s?

essential?

A 
Arginine and glutamine
PVT TIM Hall 
Phe
Val
Trp
Thr
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histdidine
Arg
Lys
Leu
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5
Q

Branching AAs

A

Ile
Leu
Val

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6
Q

Name a transaminase enzyme that’s a derivative of B6?

Other ones?

A

Pyridoxyl 5’ Phosphate (PLP)

Alanine transaminase(ALT)
Aspartate transaminase (AST)
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7
Q

alpha ketoglutarate is made from what? what is this important for?

A

Glu (glutamate) which is made from Gln, His, Arg, Pro

Product of Isocitrate in the TCA

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8
Q

Succinyl CoA is made from what AAs?

What is it important for?

A

Met, Thr, Ile, Leu, Val

TCA Cycle

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9
Q

Homocystinuria is a disease fromt eh break down of what aa?

A

Met

Affects:Eyes, skeleton, CNS, vascular

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10
Q

Homocystinuria is the defect in what enzyme?

What vit. are deficient?

A

cystathionine beta-sythase
B6, B12, Folic acid
B6 = Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)**

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11
Q

Leu to ____ issue can cause Maple syrup urine dis.

A

Acetyl CoA

deficient in branched-chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD)

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12
Q

____ to Tyr to eventualy fumarate is the pathway PKU can arise from if ___ is defective.

A 
Phe
phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)

Phe turns to phenyllactate, phenyllactate and pheylacetate,

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13
Q

___ is a precursor of serotonin and melatonin.

A

Trp

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14
Q

If tyrosinase is deficient what diesease occurs?

A

Albinism, absence of pigmentation

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15
Q

what protein is the precursor of T3 and T4?

A

Thyroglobulin

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16
Q

What AA’s are removed from the rbain for overall Ammonia?

in other tissues?

A

Glu, Gln in brain

Gln, Ala in tissue

17
Q

Ammonia vs. Ammonium

A

Ammonia = NH3

Ammonium ion = NH4+

18
Q

___ to glutamate to glutamine —->bloodstrem to liver’s urea cycle for removal of excess NH4+ in BRAIN

A

alpha - ketoglutarate

19
Q

GLu to ALa —>bloodstream to liver’s urea cycle

A

Ammonium removal from muscle

20
Q

Where does the Urea Cycle occur?

A

Btwn teh mitochondria and the cytosol in teh liver

21
Q

Two AA’s that don’t make protein, are only for precursors in the Urea Cycle

A

ornithine

citurlline

22
Q

H20 + ____ = Urea

Where is Urea released?

A

Arg

in the cyytosol, gets sent via blood to kidney

23
Q

3 AA’s that make Creatine?

A

“Always Growing Muscle”
Arg
Gly
Met

24
Q

Quick form of atp for muscles, brain, sperm

A

phosphocreatine

25
Q

In removing ammonium from the liver and muscle, what forms are they made as to be sent to the liver and go to the urea cycle?

A

Brain: sends Gln
Muscle: sends Ala

26
Q

To make Alpha ketoglutarate ?

A

Glu

To make Glu

“His Gluts Are Plump”
His
Gln 
Arg
Pro
27
Q

What AA makes just Acetyl CoA? Why?

A

Leu
It’s ketogenic

Lys makes only acetoacetate

28
Q

What makes fumarate? Diseases with this pathway?

A

Phe
To
Tyr

Alkaltonuria, defective homogentisate oxidase

29
Q

What makes oxyloacetate?

Where else is oxyo. Important?

A

Asn to asp

Fa synth

30
Q

Trp makes what? What vitamin does it need to do it

What disease with this path

A

Serotonin then melatonin
Trp in TURKEY so you get SLEEPY

Needs B6

Carcinoid Tumor

31
Q

Tyr makes what?

What diseases

A

T3, T4 graves and hypo/hyperthyroidism
(T3 (triiodthryonin), T4 (Thyroxine) )
Melatonin, albinism

dopamine, Parkinson’s

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

32
Q

Ammonia isn’t charge so why is it more toxic than ammonium ion?

NH3

A

Can travel across biological membranes

MCM: Biochem, Exam 1 (5 decks)

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