NUTRIENTS, GASTROINTESTINAL & CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

Is the form of carbohydrates found in circulating blood (blood sugar) and is the primary carbohydrate used by the body for energy production

Answer 1

GLUCOSE

Question 2

Site of digestive tract fermentation in rabbit

Answer 2

CECAL

Question 3

Site of digestive tract fermentation in elephant

Answer 3

CECO-COLONIC

Question 4

Site of digestive tract fermentation in horse

Answer 4

COLONIC

Question 5

Site of digestive tract fermentation in cattle

Answer 5

FORE-GUT

Question 6

Are often referred to as simple sugars (e.g., glucose) and cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler compounds.

Answer 6

MONOSACCHARIDES

Question 7

Site of digestive tract fermentation in sheep

Answer 7

FORE-GUT

Question 8

It produces energy in a reverse process to that of photosynthesis in plants

Answer 8

ANIMAL METABOLISM

Question 9

The major site of digestion and absorption in monogastric animals

Answer 9

SMALL INTESTINE

Question 10

Classification of carbohydrates with three to fifteen monosaccharides

Answer 10

OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Question 11

Functions are to serve as a portal or storage of consumed feed and initiate the breakdown of nutrients.

Answer 11

STOMACH

Question 12

Is found along with disaccharide lactose in mammalian milk and is released during digestion

Answer 12

GALACTOSE

Question 13

Are made up of two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic (covalent) bond.

Answer 13

DOSACCHARIDES

Question 14

Helps in bolus formation and softening of feed, as well as antibacterial action

Answer 14

SALIVA

Question 15

Cannot digest cellulose because they do not produce the cellulase enzyme that can split B-D-Glucose.

Answer 15

MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS

Question 16

Classification of carbohydrates with large polymers of simple sugars

Answer 16

POLYSACCHARIDES

Question 17

Plays a role in detoxification of different metabolites as well as storage of many vitamins and minerals, is the largest gland and is a central organ in nutrient digestion and assimilation

Answer 17

LIVER

Question 18

Are small finger-like projections lining the intestinal mucosa and giving it a velvety appearance, the purpose of these anatomical features is to enhance surface area and thereby absorptive capability

Answer 18

VILLI

Question 19

Are made by bonding together three or more (3 to 15) monosaccharides bonded together.

Answer 19

OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Question 20

Principal sugar form of carbohydrate in cereal grains (seed energy storage). The basic unit is a-D-Glucose

Answer 20

STARCH

Question 21

The most important carbohydrate in animal feed, composed of many single monosaccharide units linked together in long, complex chains

Answer 21

POLYSACCHARIDES

Question 22

Is the simplest of the polysaccharides, being comprised solely of glucose units joined in an alpha 1,4 linkage

Answer 22

AMYLOSE

Question 23

is found in ripened fruits and honey and is also formed by digestion of disaccharide sucrose.

Answer 23

FRUCTOSE

Question 24

Is the major form of starch in plant cells.

Answer 24

AMYLOPECTIN

Question 25

Is the largest compartment of stomach in ruminant, occupying the left side of the abdominal cavity. Act as a fermentation vat and is subdivided into sacs by thick muscular boundaries known as pillars.

Answer 25

RUMEN

Question 26

A form of starch found in animal tissue and is hence called animal starch of pentose and hexose units).

Answer 26

GLYCOGEN

Question 27

Differs in how the glucose units are joined together. Alpha 1,4 linkages predominate, but a "branch arises from an alpha 1,6 linkage

Answer 27

AMYLOPECTIN

Question 28

A component of plant cell walls with a mix of 5 C and 6 C sugars (e.g., hemicellulose and pectin, a mixture each mole of glucose (net 6 ATP produced).

Answer 28

HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDE

Question 29

Is decarboxylated and the 2 H ions are picked up by NAD+ and thus it provides two moles of NAD

Answer 29

PYRUVIC ACID

Question 30

Is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature. It provides structural in unit is B 1,4 linkage, straight chain, nonbranching.

Answer 30

CELLULOSE

Question 31

Also called the honeycomb because it is lined with a mucous membrane that subdivides the surface into honeycomb-like compartments

Answer 31

RETICULUM

Question 32

Who discovered Krebs Cycle

Answer 32

HANS KREBS

Question 33

is the science of feed preparation (formulation) and feeding to meet the needs of animals at different phases of growth, or life stages.

Answer 33

ANIMAL NUTRITION

Question 34

Are chemical elements or compounds present in feed that support health, basic body maintenance, or productivity.

Answer 34

NUTRIENTS

Question 35

represents the major expense for raising food animals.

Answer 35

FEED

Question 36

are a combination of analytical procedures developed in 1865 by Wilhelm Henneberg and Friedrich Stohmann

Answer 36

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

Question 37

is used in the first step of proximate analysis to determine the water content of a feedstuff

Answer 37

DRYING

Question 38

is determined by extracting the dried sample in organic solvent (ether)

Answer 38

ETHER EXTRACT

Question 39

determined by the Kjeldahl method.

Answer 39

CRUDE PROTEIN

Question 40

is used to determine mineral content

Answer 40

ASH

Question 41

is an estimate of the cell wall constituent of a feed.

Answer 41

CRUDE FIBER

Question 42

is designed to provide an estimate of water-soluble polysaccharides (sugars, starch)

Answer 42

NITROGN-FREEEXTRACT

Question 43

t developed improved methods of fiber analyses (the detergent fiber system)

Answer 43

VAN SOEST

Question 44

is the most common procedure carried out in nutrition laboratories because plant feedstuffs may vary in water content.

Answer 44

DRY MATTER

Question 45

movements through the esophagus into the stomach.

Answer 45

PERISTALSIS