Nutrigenomics Flashcards
(89 cards)
t/f: RDA has a safety factor built in
true!
RDA is set _______ SD above the mean, meaning that it will meet needs of _____% of the population
1.2 Sd above mean population requirement–> meets 98%
what is the problem with a person eating at the RDA?
maybe eating too much?! could be quite a bit more than what they need to eat
main problem with RDA
not individualized! misses 2% of pop’n and not precise
3 factors that generally affect nutrient requirements
- physical characteristics(sex, life cycle stage, body size)
- lifestyle: PA, smoker?, urban v. rural, etc.
- genetics: gene–> nutrient metabolism
currently main dietetics “diagnostic tools” are what 2 things?
blood profiles and anthropometrics
________ allele determines lipid metabolism
apoE2
apoE2 allele is very responsive to what two lifestyle changes?
soluble fiber intake and physical activity
in the future, what other “diagnostic tool” is probably going to be used in dietetics?
genetic profile
3 genetics implications for dietetics
- tailor nutrient requirements according to genetic profile
- tailor diet therapy
- functional foods for certain genotypes
22 pairs of autosomes are numbered by _________ size
descending
the center of the chromosome is called what? what are the ends called?
centromere
telomeres
karyotype
and appearance of chromosomes in one cell
t/f: all human cells have 46 chromosomes
false! cancer cells often have more or less
the shorter portion of the chromosome off the centromere is labeled as ______, while the longer portion is designated as _______
p=shorter
q=longer
each “arm” of a chromosome is further divided into smaller sections designated by #s. the larger the #, the closer of further to the telomere?
closer!
in a cell, where is there extra nuclear DNA?
small part of genome in the mitochondria
genetics is the study of _________, which are what?
mutations-changes in genomic DNA
two types of mutations
- small scale: mutations in DNA sequence
2. large scale: changes in chromosomal structure, like deletion of a large portion of a chromosome
synonym for small-scale DNA mutation
DNA sequence variants
if a DNA variant is found on less than 1% of population, then it is called _____________, while if its on greater than 1% it is called ____________
mutation for less than 1%
polymorphism=greater than 1%
SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism (single base pair changed)
VNTR
variable number tandem repeats(copies of sequences is abnormal)
what is the “reference” sequence called?
wild-type