Nutrition Flashcards
(55 cards)
Define kilocalories
energy value of food
the heat that is required tp raise temp of 1kg of water by 1 degree c
Define essential nutrients
nutrients that the liver cannot create or provide for the body
about 50 molecules are are essential
Define non essential nutrients
we can synthesize them or make them from alternative sources
What are the 5 sources of carbohydrates
1) starch
2) sugar
3) insoluble fibers
4) soluble fibers
5) milk sugar
Define starch
complex carbs from grain and veggies
define sugar
simple ( mono or disaccharides) from fruit ,sugar cane,sugar beet, honey and milk
Define insoluble fibers
cellulose from veggies
Define soluble fibers
pectin in apples/citrus fruit
Define milk sugars
lactose
where do we get glycogen
meat
Define glycogenesis
forming glycogen
when glucose intake > than glucose spent
stored in liver and skeletal muscles
Define glycogenolysis
glycogen breakdown
when glucose intake< then glucose spent
only done by hepatocytes, some kidney and intestinal cells
Define gluconeogensis
glucose formed from liver from non glucose sources
i.e glycerol from triglycerides and amino acids
useful in nervous system
Where are saturated fats found
found in meats ,dairy food and tropical oils
Where are unsaturated fats found
seeds, nuts, olive oil, fish,shrimp,krill
Where are trans fat found
hydrogenated oils ( modified fats from unsaturated fats to be saturated )
Where do we get cholesterol from?
found in egg yolk, meats, shellfish, and milk
liver makes about 80% of cholesterol despite intake
What are lipoproteins made of
protein and lipid based vesicles
What part is hydrophilic and hydrophobic in lipoproteins
phospholipids and proteins on the outside is hydrophilic
inside is hydrophobic
How is lipoproteins able to transport cholesterol and lipids?
hydrophobic cholesterol and lipids are able to be transport in the blood
- allow lipids to enter/exit
Define HDL
- high density lipoproteins
- high protein levels
- smaller size
- highest ratio of protein content to cholesterol amount
- moves excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver and steroid producing organs
- carries lipids and proteins that protect against inflammation,oxidation,clotting
What occurs with high HDL?What occurs with low HDL?
HIGH: might protect against heart disease
LOW: decrease memory
Define LDL
low density lipoproteins
- high in cholesterol
- cholesterol moves to peripheral tissues (membranes, storage,nor hormone synthesis)
What occurs with high LDL
leads to plaque in arteries
not all bad: helps block bacterial infection
