Nutrition

Question 1

Goal of Healthy People 2020

Answer 1

Promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through the consumption of healthful diets and achievement and maintenance of healthy body weights

Question 2

What are the six essential nutrients?

Answer 2

Minerals
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Water
Proteins

Question 3

Why are proteins so important?

Answer 3

Good for healing body, wounds & cellular repair

Question 4

What is the recommended amount of fat?

Answer 4

6g daily

Insoluble in water & blood

Question 5

What is an LDL?

Answer 5

Low density lipid
Consists of animal fat

Keep it low!

Question 6

What is a HDL?

Answer 6

High density lipid
Vegetable fat (olive oil)

Keep high >60

Question 7

What is the recommended LDL + HDL amount?

Answer 7

<200 ideally

Not necessarily split evenly

Question 8

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 8

Vitamin A, D, E, and K

Stored in fat & excreted at different rates

Question 9

Which vitamins are excreted daily?

Answer 9

Vitamin C, all B vitamins, and zinc

Question 10

Examples of Vitamin A

Answer 10

AKA retinol & beta carotene

carrots, squash (orange vegetables)

Question 11

Vitamin A toxicity causes what?

Answer 11

Liver failure

Question 12

Recommended daily water consumption

Answer 12

2-3 L

Question 13

Ideal Body Weight

Answer 13

F: 100 lb (for height of 5 ft)
+5 lb for each additional inch over 5 ft

M: 106 lb (for height of 5 ft)
+6 lb for each additional inch over 5 ft

Question 14

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 14

[(Weight in lbs)/(height in inches)^2] x (703)

OR

(Weight in kg)/(height in m)^2

Question 15

Normal BMI

Answer 15

BMI between 18.5 to 25

Normal weight

Question 16

Average BMI

Answer 16

BMI between 25 to 30

Overweight

Question 17

Important BMI

Answer 17

BMI between 30 to 40

Obesity

Question 18

Severe BMI

Answer 18

BMI 40+

Morbid obesity

Question 19

BMI children

Answer 19

Utilize trends; not considered obese until height/weight is 95th percentile

Consider growth spurts

Question 20

Ideal waist measurement

Answer 20

<40

Question 21

Factors affecting basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 21

Muscle tone
Activity
Age
Heredity
Psychological 
Temperature regulation

Question 22

Factors affecting food habits

Answer 22

Physical
Physiologic
Sociocultural
Psychosocial

Question 23

Methods of nutritional assessments

Answer 23

Physical assessment
Anthropometric tools
Clinical values
Food intake assess
Nursing interventions

Question 24

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Answer 24

Provides daily nutrition via IV (large; PEG or central line)

Question 25

What is cachectic?

Answer 25

Patient looks emaciated & hard to measure continued nursing assessments for weight gain Like daily weights, lab values, I&O, dietary preference/consult, encourage snacks, 2 trays per meal, and appetite stimulant (marinol, anti-depressant)

Question 26

NPO diet

Answer 26

Nothing by mouth

Question 27

Clear fluid diet

Answer 27

Foods that are liquid at room temp and can see through | i.e. popsicles, chicken broth, apple juice, jello

Question 28

Puréed/soft diet

Answer 28

All foods swallowable, puréed Used for patients that have trouble swallowing

Question 29

Liquid diet

Answer 29

All nutrition in liquid form *easier to thicken liquid to swallow than reg liquid

Question 30

Low residue diet

Answer 30

Foods that don’t irritate GI, low in fiber Skins of veggies, no seeds/nuts

Question 31

Renal diet

Answer 31

Fluid restricted diet, low protein

Question 32

Cultural assimilation

Answer 32

Process that occurs when a minority group, living as part of a dominant group within a culture, loses the cultural characteristics that made it different

Question 33

Cultural blindness

Answer 33

The process of ignoring differences in people and proceeding as though the differences do not exist

Question 34

Cultural imposition

Answer 34

Tendency of some to impose their beliefs, practices, and values on another culture because they believe that their ideas are superior to those of another person or group

Question 35

Ethnocentrism

Answer 35

Belief that one’s own ideas, beliefs, and practices are best, superior, or most preferred to those of others; using one’s cultural norms as the standard to evaluate other’s beliefs

Question 36

Stereotyping

Answer 36

Assigning characteristics to a group of people without considering specific individuality