Nutrition

Question 1

How much percent protein is in cottonseed?

Answer 1

45%

Question 2

What “plant” takes nitrogen and fixes it into the soil?

Answer 2

Legumes

Question 3

(T/F) Only grain-fed diet doesn’t meet protein requirements, but it does meet energy requirements

Answer 3

True

Question 4

(Def) How much of what an animal eats is used

Answer 4

Digestabililty

Question 5

(Def) High in energy, low in fiber, highly digestible

Answer 5

Concentrates

Question 6

(def) Low in protein, gives animal access to the carbon chain, for ENERGY, cereal grain/molasses

Answer 6

Carbonaceous concentrate

Question 7

(def) High in protein, lots of nitrogen, component of protein, great source of protein, more expensive than carbons, fish meal/soybean/cottonseed

Answer 7

Nitrogenous concentrate

Question 8

(def) Low in energy, high in fiber, less digestible than concentrates, extremely dependent on when you harvest them

Answer 8

Roughages

Question 9

Mature grass hay, stover, mature cereal grain

Answer 9

Carbonaceous roughage

Question 10

Legume hay, immature grass hay, growing pasture

Answer 10

Nitrogenous roughage

Question 11

(def) A good low quality roughage, strictly energy/cellulose, only ruminants

Answer 11

Gin trash

Question 12

Functions of water?

Answer 12

Transport nutrients and excretions, chemical reactions, regulate body temperature (sweat)

Question 13

Structure of a protein?

Answer 13

Amino acid, peptide, polypeptide, protein

Question 14

What is an “essential amino acid”?

Answer 14

Essential to animal, must be supplied in diet, body cannot synthesize them fast enough to meet requirements

Question 15

What is a “nonessential amino acid”?

Answer 15

Body produces these amino acids naturally

Question 16

How do you determine protein analysis?

Answer 16

Determine N content and mulitply by 6.25, and look at actual digestable protein (less than 12%)

Question 17

(T/F) The level of fertilization affects the level of protein

Answer 17

True (directly proportional)

Question 18

Functions of protein?

Answer 18

Basic structural unit of animal body (muscle), body metabolism (enzymes, hormones…)

Question 19

(def) Primary source of energy

Answer 19

Carbohydrates

Question 20

What is the formula to find the amount of carbs?

Answer 20

Calories + chlorophyll = carbs

Question 21

(def) One sugar molecule, glucose

Answer 21

Monosaccharide

Question 22

(def) Two sugar molecules, easily absorbable, sucrose

Answer 22

Disaccharide

Question 23

(def) Three sugar molecules, degraded by stomach bacteria, raffinose

Answer 23

Trisaccharide

Question 24

(def) Many sugar molecules, larger bonds harder to break

Answer 24

Polysaccharide

Question 25

Identify the following carbs: - easy to break, stored - strong structural carb, forages, only rumens or cecum - strong structural carb, wood, no animal can digest

Answer 25

Starch, Cellulose, Lignin

Question 26

Function of carbs?

Answer 26

Provide energy and heat, excess will be stored as fat or excreted

Question 27

(def) Essential dietary component

Answer 27

Lipids (fats and oils)

Question 28

Identify the following lipids: - animal sourced - plant sourced

Answer 28

Fat, Oil

Question 29

(T/F) The more complex the carb, the more energy and heat it creates

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Structure of a lipid?

Answer 30

Composed of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

(T/F) Fat produces less energy than proteins or carbohydrates

Answer 31

False, fat produces 2.25x more energy than those

Question 32

Calculate fat analysis

Answer 32

Fat x 2.25

Question 33

Functions of a lipid?

Answer 33

Provide energy, source of essential fatty acids, source of heat/insulation/protection, carrier for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 34

Function of vitamins?

Answer 34

Organic catalysts in biochemical reactions

Question 35

(T/F) Vitamins are only needed in small amounts, most animals don't need vitamins if they have a well-balanced diet

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is Vitamin D?

Answer 36

Fat-soluble, used in calcium absorption, deficiency can cause bone problems

Question 37

What is Vitamin E?

Answer 37

Fat-soluble, antioxidant

Question 38

What is Vitamin A?

Answer 38

Fat-soluble, comes through plants, helps vision, inadequate amount can cause an abortion

Question 39

What is Vitamin C?

Answer 39

Water-soluble, comes from citrus fruits, deficiency common in ruminants

Question 40

What is Biotin?

Answer 40

Helps animals maintain healthy hooves

Question 41

What is Vitamin B12?

Answer 41

Only sourced from meat, deficiency causes anemia and slow growth, RUMINANTS MAKE THEIR OWN B12

Question 42

(def) Inorganic, required by animals, plant, and animal-sourced

Answer 42

Minerals

Question 43

Function of minerals?

Answer 43

Component of hormones and enzymes, maintains osmotic pressure of the cell, acid-base balance, skeleton and teeth

Question 44

What is a macromineral? What is a micromineral?

Answer 44

1. Minerals needed in major amounts. 2. Minerals needed in trace amounts

Question 45

What is Calcium?

Answer 45

Ca:P ratio is important, deficiency cause rickets (not very common)

Question 46

What is Phosphorus?

Answer 46

In bones, PICA comes from a deprived appetite

Question 47

What is Iron?

Answer 47

Component of hemoglobin (carrier of oxygen), deficiency causes anemia

Question 48

What is Copper?

Answer 48

Hair pigmentation, not every animal needs a lot (sheep have low tolerance), deficiency causes fading hair coat

Question 49

What is Iodine?

Answer 49

Deficiency causes enlarged thyroid because the body grows more thyroid when low on iodine

Question 50

What are the 5 macrominerals?

Answer 50

Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Chlorine, Sulfur

Question 51

What are the 3 microminerals?

Answer 51

Iron, Copper, Iodine