Nutrition

Question 1

What type of organisms use photosynthesis to make their own food?

Answer 1

Producers

Question 2

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction

Question 3

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts

Question 4

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Carbon dioxide + Water > Glucose + Oxygen

Question 5

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 +6O2

Question 6

Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 6

• As temperature increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis
• Once the temperature exceeds the optimum, the rate of photosynthesis decreases as the enzymes begin to denature

Question 7

Explain the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 7

As light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the inverse square law?

Answer 8

As distance from the light source doubles, the light intensity quarters

Light intensity is directly proportional to 1/distance2

Question 9

Explain the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 9

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis

Question 10

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 10

A factor that limits the rate of a reaction when there is not enough of it

Question 11

Describe the structure of leaf tissue

Answer 11

Question 12

Give 3 ways leaves are adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 12

• They are thin which provides a short diffusion distance
• The spongy mesophyll layer has lots of air spaces for efficient gas exchange
• Palisade mesophyll cells have lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 13

What are mineral ions used for in a plant?

Answer 13

Mineral ions are used for growth in plants

Question 14

Give 2 common ions in plants

Answer 14

Magnesium ion (Mg^2+)
Nitrate ion (NO3^-)

Question 15

What are magnesium ions used for in plants?

Answer 15

They are used in chlorophyll

Question 16

What are nitrate ions used for in organisms?

Answer 16

Nitrate ions are used in amino acids

Question 17

Why is a balanced diet important?

Answer 17

The body needs different substances in different proportions to function properly, too much or too little of different things can be harmful

Question 18

What 7 groups are needed for a balanced diet?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre

Question 19

What is the function of carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 19

Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy

Question 20

What are the functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 20

Proteins can have structural or metabolic roles in the body and are used as hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc

Question 21

What are the functions of lipids in the body?

Answer 21

• Energy storage
• Cell membranes
• Buoyancy
• Insulation

Question 22

What is vitamin A used for?

Answer 22

• Keeping the skin healthy
• Improved vision in the dark
• Strengthening the immune system

Question 23

What is vitamin C used for?

Answer 23

Growth and repair

Question 24

What is vitamin D used for?

Answer 24

Vitamin D is used in the absorption of calcium

Question 25

What is calcium used for in the body?

Answer 25

Calcium strengthens bones and teeth

Question 26

What is iron used for in the body?

Answer 26

Iron is used in haemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood

Question 27

What is water used for in the body?

Answer 27

- A reaction medium - Temperature control - Transport

Question 28

What is dietary fibre used for?

Answer 28

It helps keep everything flowing through the digestive system

Question 29

Compare the energy requirements of more and less active people

Answer 29

The more active a person is, the greater their energy requirement

Question 30

Describe how energy requirements change as we age

Answer 30

Adults require more energy than children

Question 31

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 31

The alimentary canal is the complete tube that food passes through as it passes through the body

Question 32

What is the difference between the alimentary canal and the digestive system?

Answer 32

The alimentary canal involves the tubes that food passes through whereas the digestive system also includes digestive glands

Question 33

Describe the passage of food through the alimentary canal

Answer 33

Mouth > oesophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine > rectum

Question 34

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 34

- To chew and break down food - To secrete digestive enzymes

Question 35

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 35

The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 36

What does the stomach do?

Answer 36

The stomach is a muscular sac containing acid that pummels the food and breaks it down further

Question 37

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

Answer 37

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Question 38

What are the two parts of the small intestine called?

Answer 38

Duodenum and ileum

Question 39

What is the function of the duodenum?

Answer 39

The duodenum receives food directly from the stomach and uses enzymes and chemical digestion to break the food down

Question 40

What is the function of the ileum?

Answer 40

Most nutrients are absorbed from the food in the ileum into the blood

Question 41

How is the ileum adapted for absorption?

Answer 41

The ileum is lined with villi which provide a large surface area for reabsorption

Question 42

How are villi adapted for absorption?

Answer 42

- Thin walls - Large surface area - Good blood supply close to the surface

Question 43

What is the function of the large intestine (colon)?

Answer 43

Water is reabsorbed into the blood in the large intestine

Question 44

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 44

The rectum stores faeces before egestion

Question 45

How does peristalsis work to push food through the gut?

Answer 45

Muscles contract in a wave like fashion which pushes food along

Question 46

What enzymes break starch down to glucose?

Answer 46

Maltase and amylase

Question 47

What group of enzymes break proteins down into amino acids?

Answer 47

Proteases

Question 48

What group of enzymes break lipids down into glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 48

Lipases

Question 49

What does bile do?

Answer 49

- Bile neutralises the stomach acid and provides alkaline conditions for the digestive enzymes in the small intestine - Bile also emulsifies fats

Question 50

Where is bile produced?

Answer 50

Bile is produced in the liver

Question 51

Where is bile stored?

Answer 51

Bile is stored in the gallbladder