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Health > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

nutrition

A

study of what people eat, eating habits, and effects on body

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2
Q

nutrients

A

chemical substances found in food that provide your body with energy

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3
Q

calorie

A

measures energy value in food

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4
Q

6 major nutrients

A

minerals
fats
vitamins
proteins
carbs
water

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5
Q

proteins

A

helps body build and repair bodily tissue

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6
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins

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7
Q

how many amino acids does the body need?

A

20

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8
Q

how many amino acids does the body produce?

A

11

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9
Q

how many amino acids do you need to get from your diet?

A

9

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10
Q

complete proteins

A

contains all 9 essential amino acids
ex. meat, fish, eggs, poultry

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11
Q

incomplete proteins

A

contains less than the 9 amino acids
ex. grains, beans, nuts, seeds

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12
Q

what contains all 9 essential amino acids?

A

soybean

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13
Q

fats

A

helps body store and use vitamins
-maintain body heat
-maintain energy reserve
-cushions internal organs

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14
Q

saturated fats

A

comes from animal origin
ex. coconut oil, cheese, red meat

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15
Q

unsaturated fats

A

comes from plants and fish

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16
Q

monounsaturated

A

comes from olive oil

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17
Q

polyunsaturated

A

comes from corn oil

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18
Q

lipids

A

fats that don’t dissolve in water

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19
Q

carbohydrates

A

body’s main source of energy

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20
Q

simple carb

A

sugars
breaks down quickly
short term energy

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21
Q

complex carb

A

starches
stores bodily food
long lasting energy

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22
Q

fiber

A

indigestible carb
assists with digestion

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23
Q

vitamins

A

helps body use proteins, fats, and carbs

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24
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

breaks down quickly
ex. C. B complex

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25
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

stored in fatty layer of skin, released to body when necessary
ex. A, D, E, K

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26
Q

mega dosing

A

unnecessary vitamins not needed in the body

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27
Q

minerals

A

elements found in the earth that regulate chemical reactions in the body

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28
Q

macrominerals

A

necessary to have 100mg+ daily
ex. sodium, calcium

29
Q

trace minerals

A

necessary in small amounts
ex. iron, zinc

30
Q

anemia

A

low iron levels

31
Q

osteoporosis

A

lack of calcium

32
Q

electrolytes

A

minerals that carry an electrical charge
maintain proper balance in body fluid

33
Q

water

A

regulates body temp
assists waste removal
cushions spine and joins
60-70% of body mass

34
Q

dehydration

A

water levels have fallen to dangerously low levels

35
Q

how much water are you supposed to drink in a day?

A

1/2 body weight in oz

36
Q

where can you get water from?

A

fruits
vegetables
juice
food

37
Q

how long can a person live without water?

A

3-4 days

38
Q

one thing you CAN’T substitute water for

A

pop

39
Q

diuretic

A

pill that increases urine output

40
Q

empty calorie food

A

foods that are high in calories, low in nutrients

41
Q

recommended diet

A

60% carbs
30% fats
10% protien

42
Q

digestion

A

chemical process that breaks down food
removes nutrients
eliminates waste

43
Q

teeth

A

breaks down food

44
Q

tounge

A

helps mix enzymes and food
pushes food to pharynx (back of throat)

45
Q

molars

A

rounded tips
grinds food

46
Q

canines

A

fang-shaped
rips food

47
Q

incisors

A

chisel-shaped
cuts food

48
Q

salivary glands

A

makes food wet by releasing enzymes

49
Q

amylase

A

main enzyme in saliva

50
Q

3 salivary glands

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

51
Q

bolus

A

what gets formed prior to swallowing

52
Q

swallow/peristalsis

A

involuntary muscles that move food down the esophagus

53
Q

cardioesophagal sphincter

A

entrance into the stomach

54
Q

stomach

A

temporary storage area

55
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

exit out of the stomach

56
Q

chyme

A

changes food into thick, white paste

57
Q

small intestine

A

bodies main digestive organ

58
Q

villi

A

finger-like structures on the inside of the small intestine
removes food through small intestine
removes nutrients

59
Q

duodenum

A

top portion of the small intestine

60
Q

jejunum

A

middle section of the small intestine

61
Q

ileum

A

bottom section of the small intestine

62
Q

liver

A

releases bile

63
Q

pancreas

A

releases enzymes

64
Q

gallbladder

A

absorbs excess fatty food
sends enzymes into the small intestine

65
Q

large intestine/colon

A

absorbs food

66
Q

feces

A

solid waste

67
Q

rectum

A

stores feces

68
Q

anal canal

A

passage from the rectum to the anus

69
Q

anus

A

exterior opening

Health (9 decks)

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