Nutrition

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the process where some organisms are able to turn light energy into chemical energy.

Question 2

What type of organisms use photosynthesis to make their own food?

Answer 2

Producers

Question 3

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.

Question 4

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 4

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.

Question 5

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Question 6

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 7

• As temperature increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis
• Once the temperature exceeds the optimum, the rate of photosynthesis decreases as enzymes begin to denature

Question 8

Explain the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 8

As the light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 9

What is the inverse square law?

Answer 9

As the distance from the light source
doubles, the light intensity quarters.

Question 10

Explain the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 10

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 11

A factor that limits the rate of a reaction when there is not enough of it.

Question 12

Describe the structure of leaf tissue

Answer 12

Question 13

Give 3 ways leaves are adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 13

• They are thin which provides a short diffusion distance
• The spongy mesophyll layer has lots of air spaces for efficient gas exchange
• Palisade mesophyll cells have lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 14

What are mineral ions used for in a plant?

Answer 14

Mineral ions are used for growth in plants.

Question 15

Give 2 common ions in plants

Answer 15

Question 16

What are magnesium ions used for in plants?

Answer 16

They are used in chlorophyll

Question 17

What are nitrate ions used for in organisms?

Answer 17

Nitrate ions are used in amino acids.

Question 18

Why is a balanced diet important?

Answer 18

The body needs different substances in different proportions to function properly, too much or too little of different things can be harmful.

Question 19

What 7 groups are needed for a balanced diet?

Answer 19

• Carbohydrates,
• proteins,
• lipids (fats),
• vitamins,
• minerals,
• water
• dietary fibre.

Question 20

What is the function of carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 20

Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy.

Question 21

What are the functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 21

Proteins can have structural or metabolic roles in the body and are used as hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc

Question 22

What are the functions of lipids in the body?

Answer 22

• Energy storage
• Cell membranes
• Buoyancy
• Insulation

Question 23

What is vitamin A used for?

Answer 23

• Keeping the skin healthy
• Improved vision in the dark
• Strengthening the immune system

Question 24

What is vitamin C used for?

Answer 24

Growth and repair

Question 25

What is vitamin D used for?

Answer 25

Vitamin D is used in the absorption of calcium.

Question 26

What is calcium used for in the body?

Answer 26

Calcium strengthens bones and teeth.

Question 27

What is iron used for in the body?

Answer 27

Iron is used in haemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood.

Question 28

What is water used for in the body?

Answer 28

- A reaction medium - Temperature control - Transport

Question 29

What is dietary fibre used for?

Answer 29

It helps keep everything flowing through the digestive system.

Question 30

Compare the energy requirements of more and less active people

Answer 30

The more active a person is, the greater their energy requirement.

Question 31

Describe how energy requirements change as we age

Answer 31

Adults generally require more energy than children.

Question 32

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 32

The alimentary canal is the complete tube that food passes through as it passes through the body.

Question 33

What is the difference between the alimentary canal and the digestive system?

Answer 33

The alimentary canal involves the tubes that the food passes through whereas the digestive system also includes digestive glands.

Question 34

Describe the passage of food through the alimentary canal

Answer 34

Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum

Question 35

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 35

- To chew and break down food - To secrete digestive enzymes

Question 36

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 36

The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 37

What does the stomach do?

Answer 37

The stomach is a muscular sac containing acid that pummels the food and breaks it down further.

Question 38

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

Answer 38

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

Question 39

What are the two parts of the small intestine called?

Answer 39

Duodenum and ileum

Question 40

What is the function of the duodenum?

Answer 40

The duodenum receives food directly from the stomach and uses enzymes and chemical digestion to break the food down.

Question 41

What is the function of the ileum?

Answer 41

Most nutrients are absorbed from the food in the ileum into the blood.

Question 42

How is the ileum adapted for absorption?

Answer 42

The ileum is lined with villi which provide a large surface area for reabsorption

Question 43

How are villi adapted for absorption?

Answer 43

- Thin walls - Large surface area - Good blood supply close to the surface

Question 44

What is the function of the large intestine (colon)?

Answer 44

Water is reabsorbed into the blood in the large intestine

Question 45

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 45

The rectum stores faeces before egestion

Question 46

How does peristalsis work to push food through the gut?

Answer 46

Muscles contract in a wave like fashion which pushes food along.

Question 47

What enzymes break starch down to glucose?

Answer 47

Maltase and amylase

Question 48

What group of enzymes break proteins down into amino acids?

Answer 48

Proteases

Question 49

What group of enzymes break lipids down into glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 49

Lipases

Question 50

What does bile do?

Answer 50

- Bile neutralises the stomach acid and provides alkaline conditions for the digestive enzymes in the small intestine - Bile also emulsifies fats

Question 51

Where is bile produced?

Answer 51

Bile is produced in the liver

Question 52

Where is bile produced?

Answer 52

Bile is produced in the liver

Question 53

Where is bile stored?

Answer 53

Bile is stored in the gallbladder