Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
- Digestion starts in the mouth (Salivary amylase
- continues in the small bowel (salivary amaylase inhibited by gastric acid)
- pancreatic amylase
- brush border enzymes
- absorption in small bowel- monosaccharides rapidly prior to terminal ileum
A
Carbohydrates
2
Q
- Minimal digestion in the mouth
- major site digestion in stomach (requires acidity, pepsin breaks down, b12 cleaved)
- continues in small bowel (pancreatic peptidase)
- absorption in small bowel (carrier mediated)
A
Protein
3
Q
- Digestion starts in mouth (lingual lipase)
- continues in small bowel (pancreatic lipase; bile acid needed to emulsify)
- end products- fatty acids, glycerol, monoglycerids, fat soluable vitamins (A,D,E,K)
- Absorption in small bowel- most in the ileum
A
Fat
4
Q
Constipation nutrition therapy
A
Adequate fiber intake
- adult women- goal 21-25g/d
- adult men- gol 35-38 g/d
- gradually increase intake
Adequate hydration
- general recommendation 30ml/kg or 1ml/kcal
- needs are proportional to muscle mass
Physical activity
- consider fiber supplementation (wheat bran, psyllium, methlycellulose
Establish regular pattern of eating and stooling
5
Q
Diarrhea Nutrition therapy
A
- Restore fluid/electrolyte balance (oral rehydration solutions)
- review meds/supplements
- evaluate for diertary triggers
- thicken stool and slow motility
- consider vitamin/mineral supplementation
- ensure nutrition adequacy
- probiotic?- depends
6
Q
what is considered a trigger for diarrhea?
A
- caffeine
- FODMAPs
- high fat meals
- alcohol
7
Q
- Lack/reduction in lactase enzymes resulting in gastrointestinal symptoms
- presents as bloating, flatulence, cramping, pain, diarrhea (symptoms depend on level of lactase activity and lactose load
A
Lactose intolerance
8
Q
what is primary and secondary lactase deficiency?
A
Primary lactase deficiency
- genetically programmed
- irreversible
- occurs in 80-90% african and asian americans
Secondary lactase deficiency
- Surgical resection
- inflammation
- radiation
- medications
- may reverse
9
Q
Lactose intolerance nutrition therapy (no need to cut all dairy)
A
- limit or avoid high lactose containing foods (spread intake throughout day)
- consume low lactose dairy products (lactose free milk, cheddar and swiss, most yogurts
- lactase enzymes
- consider calcium supplementation if not meeting needs (requires adequate vitamin D)
10
Q
- therapy option for IBS (more recent studies in queiscent IBD, fecal incontinence
- short term, learning, phasic diet
- not intuitive or simple, strongly advise dietitian guidance
A
FODMAPs diet
11
Q
who is the FODMAP diet inappropriate for?
A
- non-confirmed IBS
- hx of eating disorders
- significant weight loss
- people that don’t eat FODMAPs
- people who cannot cook or limited access
- not a low fiber diet
12
Q
GERD nutrition therapy
A
- weight reduction when appropriate
- avoid/reduce foods that lower LES pressure (alcohol, spearmint, peppermint, chocolate, coffee)
- avoid/reduce foods that increase gastric acidity (alcohol, caffeine, pepper)
- low fat diet About 50-60 grams daily
- small frequent meals
- upright after eating
- mindfulness eating behaviors
- may help to avoid spicy and acidic foods but as clear
* loose fitting clothing, appropriate sleep conditions, smoking cessa.
13
Q
- Autoimmune digestive disease in response to gluten ingestion that results in intestinal mucosa damage
- results in malabsorption of nutrients (macros, calcium, iron, folate, vitamin D and B12, electrolytes with persistent diarrhea)
- only treatment is gluten free diet
A
Celiac disease
14
Q
intestinal symptoms of celiac disease?
A
- diarrhea or constipation
- abdominal pain
- bloating/gas
- cramping
- steatorrhea
15
Q
extraintestinal signs and symptoms of celiac disease?
A
- fatigue
- anemia
- neurological disorders
- joint pain
- skin rash- dermatitis herpetiformis
- osteoporosis
- amenorrhea
- infertlity
