Nutrition Flashcards
(51 cards)
what are the different nutrients
Proteins, carbohydrates (include sugars), lipids/fats, vitamins, minerals, water and nucleic acids
what are proteins made of
amino acids
what are proteins needed for
for protein synthesis and energy (muscle and enzymes) and in defense against disease such as antibodies
what is the deficiency of protein
poor growth, muscle breakdown and eventual death
sources of protein
meat, fish, eggs, legumes and pulses
what are carbohydrates for
for energy (poly for long, di for short)
example of a polysaccharide
starch
example of a disaccharide
sucrose
sources of carbohydrates
vegetable sources like wheat and potatoes
what are lipids made of
triglycerides are made of glycerol and fatty acids. carbs and lipids are made from C, H, O
what are lipids for
energy store and provide insulation
sources of lipids
meat and animal food. Directly or excess carbs are converted by the body into fat
what are the different types of lipids
saturated and unsaturated
examples of saturated lipids
animal fats like butter and lard
different unsaturated lipids
cis and trans
examples of cis
vegetable oil
examples of trans
fried oils
what do the type of lipids cause
cardiovascular diseases- saturated but especially trans fats get converted (for transport) into LDL (low density lipoproteins). They are sticky and can build up plaques in smaller blood vessels. CIS fats are concentrated into HDL which do not cause plaques
what are vitamins
organic molecules usually coenzymes and can also be used as precursors to vital molecule production
fat soluble vitamins
vitamin D and Vitamin A
what is Vitamin D
needs to be combined with Ca and UV light to be used in bone mineralization
What is Vitamin D deficiency
rickets- bones are soft and may bend because vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption
sources of vitamin D
dairy products
What is Vitamin A for
for retina function (converts light into electrical signals when enter your eye)
