Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

What are the requirements for life

Answer 1

Respiration, Irritability, Nourish, Growth, Excrete, Reproduce

Question 2

What is respiration

Answer 2

Chemical reactions in cells that break down matter and release energy for metabolism. It extracts energy from nutrients.

Question 3

What is irritability (movement)

Answer 3

Response to stimuli.

Question 4

What is nourish

Answer 4

it’s a method of obtaining food. Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 5

What is growth

Answer 5

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 6

What is excrete

Answer 6

The removal of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess requirements from organisms. They produce waste (CO2)

Question 7

What is reproduce

Answer 7

Process of making more of the same kind of organism. Asexual and sexual

Question 8

what is classification

Answer 8

placing living organisms into groups

Question 9

why is classification used

Answer 9

to better study and understand organisms

Question 10

how is classification done

Answer 10

by morphology (characteristics), by anatomy, by genetic sequencing (DNA), by protein comparison

Question 11

what are taxonomists

Answer 11

scientists that work in classification

Question 12

what are the five kingdoms

Answer 12

Fungi, Prokaryotes, Protista, Plants, Animals

Question 13

What are fungi

Answer 13

cells have a cell wall, no photosynthesis, they are decomposers (yeast,amanita)

Question 14

What are prokaryotes

Answer 14

also bacteria, do not have nucleus

Question 15

what are protista

Answer 15

unicellular but have a nucleus (amoeba)

Question 16

What are plants

Answer 16

they do photosynthesis, have cell wall and are multicellular (sunflower, apple tree…)

Question 17

what are animals

Answer 17

multicellular, cells have nuclei, are heterotrophs

Question 18

what are mosses features

Answer 18

have stems and roots but no leaves, live in moist environment, reproduce by spores

Question 19

what are ferns features

Answer 19

have roots, stems, complex leaves and vascular tissue, they have leaves with leaflets. Leaves are called fronds. They reproduce by spores made in structures called sporangia which are found at the underside of fronds

Question 20

what are angiosperms features

Answer 20

they have roots, (woody/non-woody) stems, leaves and have flowers as the reproductive organ, reproduce by seeds

Question 21

what are conifers features

Answer 21

they have roots, woody stems and needle-like leaves, they reproduce by seeds developed in cones and they make cones.

Question 22

what are the two groups of angiosperms

Answer 22

monocotyledon and dicotyledons

Question 23

what do the matured leaves of the monocotyledon look like

Answer 23

parallel leaves

Question 24

what does the stem look like in the monocotyledon

Answer 24

random vascular bundles

Question 25

what do the matured leaves of the dicotyledon look like

Answer 25

branched leaves

Question 26

what does the stem look like in the dicotyledon

Answer 26

organized vascular bundles

Question 27

what are invertebrate animals

Answer 27

do not have a back bone

Question 28

what are arthropods features

Answer 28

have exoskeleton and jointed legs/segmented body

Question 29

what are arthropods features

Answer 29

have exoskeleton and jointed legs/segmented body

Question 30

what are the insect features

Answer 30

6 legs, 1 pair of antennae, segmented body (head ,thorax, abdomen), 2 pairs of wings, no lungs

Question 31

what are the arachnids features

Answer 31

8 legs, multiple eyes, have lungs, have venom, segmented (head,thorax)

Question 32

what are the crustacea features

Answer 32

10+ legs, 2 pairs of antennae, aquatic environments, have cephalphorax, pincers

Question 33

what are the myriapods features

Answer 33

20+ legs, 1 pair of antennae, many segmented parts, body covering waterproof

Question 34

what is the order of the classification of human

Answer 34

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 35

what are vertebrate animals

Answer 35

they have backbone

Question 36

what are mammals features

Answer 36

fur, give birth to young fed with milk, have mammary glands, lungs+ diaphragm, 4 limbs, internal fertilization

Question 37

what are reptiles features

Answer 37

dry skin with scales, eggs laid on land without shells, lungs, 4 legs, cold blooded, internal fertilization

Question 38

what are aves features

Answer 38

feathers, eggs laid on land, lungs, 2 wings/ 2 legs, warm blooded, internal fertilization

Question 39

what are fish features

Answer 39

wet scales, shelless eggs laid in water, gills, find, cold blooded, external fertilization

Question 40

what are amphibians features

Answer 40

smooth, moist skin, lay shelless eggs in water, lungs & skin, 4 legs, cold blooded, external fertilization, thin/slimey skin, metamorphosis

Question 41

what is in the fungi cell

Answer 41

nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ER, mitochondria, golgi body, glycogen granule, ribosomes

Question 42

what is a cell wall also called in the fungi cell

Answer 42

chitin

Question 43

what is glycogen granule

Answer 43

glycogen is a carbohydrate used for energy storage

Question 44

how do fungi reproduce

Answer 44

by spores

Question 45

what is hetertrophic mean

Answer 45

an organism that obtains nutrients via consumption

Question 46

what are the requirements of fungi

Answer 46

too dry and warm environments prevent fungal growth, they are mostly found in moist environments in able to absorb the soluble products of digestion

Question 47

are fungi decomposers

Answer 47

they are decomposers that ingest dead organic material

Question 48

are fungi sapotrophs

Answer 48

they are sapotrophs, decomposers that secrete digestive enzymes onto organic matter and absorb the nutrients

Question 49

what is the root system of fungi

Answer 49

the mycelium is made up of branching called hyphae and penetrates throught the food source

Question 50

sapotrophic nutrition

Answer 50

dead-feeding and involves external digestion by enzymes

Question 51

what are protoctists

Answer 51

singe celled organisms that have a nucleus (eukaryotes)

Question 52

what is autotrophic

Answer 52

obtain nutrients from yourself

Question 53

what is heterotrophic

Answer 53

obtain nutrients from consuming others

Question 54

what are prokaryotes

Answer 54

single celled organism without a nucleus

Question 55

what is in the prokaryote cell

Answer 55

ribosome, plasmid, flagella, cytoplasm, pili/ fibro, chromosome/DNA, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule or slime layer

Question 56

what is the capsule

Answer 56

provides protection

Question 57

what is the cell wall

Answer 57

made of peptidoglycon

Question 58

what is the chromosone

Answer 58

circular DNA single+ circular- no proteins attached

Question 59

what is plasmid

Answer 59

small circular fragments of DNA

Question 60

what is ribosome

Answer 60

organelle that makes protein

Question 61

what is Pili/ Fibroe

Answer 61

exchange plasmids with other bacteria and/or allow bacteria to attach on surfaces (small hairs)

Question 62

what is flagella

Answer 62

allows movement (not on all cells)

Question 63

what are the behavior characteristics of bacteria

Answer 63

saprotrophs, parasitic

Question 64

what are the shapes characteristics of bacteria

Answer 64

coccus (spherical shape), bacillus (rod-like), spirillus (spiral shape)

Question 65

what are viruses

Answer 65

living yet not

Question 66

what does adenovirus mean

Answer 66

has DNA

Question 67

what does retrovirus

Answer 67

has RNA

Question 68

what does virus cells have

Answer 68

receptors, protein coat, DNA/RNA